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Samenvatting BGZ2021 Leven in evenwicht
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Alle colleges en taken van het eerste blok samengevat. Figuren en uitleg volgens Silverthorn - Human Physiology.
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Test Bank in Conjunction with Human Physiology An Integrated Approach,Silverthorn,7e
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Two body system that work toghter in order to produce energy P3
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SAMENVATTING BLOK 1:LEVEN IN EVENWICHT
Alle colleges en taken
,INHOUDSOPGAVE
probleem 1: Welke effecten heeft spanning op je lichaam ................................................... 6
Opbouw Zenuwstelsel ................................................................................................................... 6
Neuronen.................................................................................................................................... 6
Elektronische signaaloverdracht ................................................................................................ 11
Chemische signaaloverdracht .................................................................................................... 18
Anatomie in het lichaam ........................................................................................................... 25
Systemen ..................................................................................................................................... 27
College: homeostase zenuwstelsel A. den Boer .................................................................. 31
Zenuwstelsel ................................................................................................................................ 33
Communicatie met target cel: synaps – neurotransmitters ......................................................... 47
probleem 2 .......................................................................................................................... 53
Infantiele spasmen....................................................................................................................... 53
Hoe kan een lekkende bloed-hersenbarrière leiden tot een cascade van actiepotentialen die een
aanval veroorzaken? ................................................................................................................. 53
GABA opent CI- kanalen op de postsynaptische cel. Wat doet dit met het membraanpotentiaal
van de cel? Geeft GABA de cel minder of meer kans op een actiepotentiaal? ............................ 54
Waarom is het belangrijk de duur van ACTH-therapie te beperken, vooral bij zeer jonge
patiënten? ................................................................................................................................ 54
Nicotineverslaving ....................................................................................................................... 55
Wat is de normale reactie van cellen die chronisch blootgesteld zijn aan verhoogde
concentraties van een signaalmolecuul? ................................................................................... 55
Cholinergische receptoren worden ingedeeld in nicotinerge of muscarinerge receptoren op basis
van de agonist moleculen die eraan binden. Wat gebeurt er met een postsynaptische cel
wanneer nicotine in plaats van ACh bindt aan een nicotine cholinergische receptor? ................ 56
Hoewel ACh en nicotine op korte termijn nAChR-agonisten blijken te zijn, wordt het kanaal bij
een langdurende blootstelling van de receptoren aan ACh gesloten of geïnactiveerd. Hoe zou dit
de up-regulatie van nAChR, die aanwezig is bij rokers, kunnen verklaren?................................. 56
Guillain-Barré syndroom (GBS) .................................................................................................... 57
Welk(e) gedeelte(s) van het zenuwstelsel zouden betrokken kunnen zijn bij het syndroom? ..... 58
De kinderen konden hun spieren niet bewegen, maar voelden wel een naaldenprik. Denk je dat
bij de verlamming in de Chinese kinderen zowel sensorische (afferente) alsook somatisch
motorische neuronen betrokken waren? Waarom wel of waarom niet? ................................... 58
Wat zou je verwachten dat de resultaten van de zenuwgeleidingstest bij een GBS patiënt zullen
zijn? .......................................................................................................................................... 58
probleem 3 .......................................................................................................................... 59
Chapter 7: endocrien systeem ..................................................................................................... 61
Hormonen................................................................................................................................. 61
Classificatie van hormonen........................................................................................................ 64
Controle van hormoon-release.................................................................................................. 70
Hormoon interacties ................................................................................................................. 77
Chapter 23: Schildklier ................................................................................................................. 78
Schildklierhormonen (figuur 23.4!) ............................................................................................ 78
Controle v.d. schildklier ............................................................................................................. 79
College: endocrinology and homeostasis T. Adam .............................................................. 80
HET ENDOCRIEN SYSTEEM EN HOMEOSTASE ............................................................................... 82
HORMONEN.............................................................................................................................. 82
probleem 4 .......................................................................................................................... 94
2
, De anatomie van het hart ............................................................................................................ 94
Wat zijn de kenmerken van een rode bloedcel? Wat is de samenstelling van het bloed? ........... 98
Plasma .................................................................................................................................... 100
Bloedcellen ............................................................................................................................. 101
De bloedcirculatie ...................................................................................................................... 103
Laminaire flow ........................................................................................................................ 103
Turbulente flow ...................................................................................................................... 103
Waarom (hoe) stroomt bloed? ................................................................................................ 104
Contractie van gladde spiercellen in arteriolen ........................................................................ 108
Cardiovasculair controle centrum (CVCC) ................................................................................ 108
Leg de druk-volume curve uit..................................................................................................... 109
Elektrische geleiding door het hart ............................................................................................ 114
Hartspier ................................................................................................................................. 114
Hoe heeft het perifeer zenuwstelsel invloed op het hart? ......................................................... 122
Parasympaticus ....................................................................................................................... 123
Sympathische controle ............................................................................................................ 123
Vagale reflex ........................................................................................................................... 124
Frank Starling Diagram ............................................................................................................ 125
College: Hart en Circulatie (deel 1) F. Stassen.................................................................... 127
Anatomie v.h. hart ..................................................................................................................... 127
Electrofysiologie v.h. hart .......................................................................................................... 127
Sino-atriale knoop (SA-knoop) ................................................................................................. 128
Atrioventriculaire knoop (AV-knoop) ....................................................................................... 129
Purkinje vezels ........................................................................................................................ 129
Cardiomyocyten (atriaal, ventriculair) ..................................................................................... 129
Verloop actiepotentiaal in cardiomyocyt ................................................................................. 129
Samenvatting .......................................................................................................................... 130
Hartcyclus .................................................................................................................................. 131
Diastole: PASSIEVE VULLING.................................................................................................... 131
Diastole: ATRIALE SYSTOLE ...................................................................................................... 131
Systole: ISOVOLUMETRISCHE CONTRACTIE.............................................................................. 132
Systole: EJECTIEFASE ............................................................................................................... 132
Diastole: isovolumetrische relaxatie ........................................................................................ 133
Diastole: passieve vulling......................................................................................................... 133
Druk-volume curve.................................................................................................................. 134
Regulatie v.d. hartfunctie .......................................................................................................... 135
Hartminuutvolume = cardiac output ....................................................................................... 135
Druk-volume curve.................................................................................................................. 140
Samenvatting .......................................................................................................................... 142
Opzet college ............................................................................................................................. 142
Leerdoelen probleem 5...................................................................................................... 143
Inspanning ................................................................................................................................. 146
Bloedverlies ............................................................................................................................... 150
Bloeddruk-regulerende medicijnen ........................................................................................... 152
College: Hart en Circulatie (deel 2) .................................................................................... 154
Bloedvaten................................................................................................................................. 154
Hemodynamica ....................................................................................................................... 155
Regulatie v.d. bloeddruk ............................................................................................................ 157
Verandering in bloeddruk........................................................................................................ 158
Centrale regulatie v.d. bloeddruk ............................................................................................ 159
3
, Microcirculatie en lymfesysteem ............................................................................................... 160
Arteriolen................................................................................................................................ 160
Capillairen ............................................................................................................................... 161
Venulen .................................................................................................................................. 162
Regulatie bloedtoevoer naar weefsel ...................................................................................... 162
Uitwisseling van stoffen .......................................................................................................... 163
INterstitium ............................................................................................................................ 164
Vloeistofbewegingen van/naar capillairen ............................................................................... 164
Lymfesysteem ......................................................................................................................... 165
Samenvatting ............................................................................................................................. 166
Leerdoelen probleem 6...................................................................................................... 167
Het respiraroir systeem ............................................................................................................. 168
De Longen ............................................................................................................................... 169
Functies van het respiratoire systeem ..................................................................................... 174
Gasuitwisseling in de longen ................................................................................................... 175
Oxyhemoglobine saturatie curven ........................................................................................... 181
Spieren betrokken bij de ademhaling ...................................................................................... 183
Drukverloop tijdens de ademhaling ......................................................................................... 185
Bloedvoorziening longen ......................................................................................................... 186
Regulatie v.d. ademhaling ....................................................................................................... 188
College: Anatomie en fysiologie v.h. ademhalingssysteem C. van der Grinten ................. 190
Functies v.d. long ....................................................................................................................... 190
Anatomie ................................................................................................................................... 190
Ademspieren........................................................................................................................... 193
Ventilatie ................................................................................................................................... 194
Ademarbeid ............................................................................................................................ 194
Compliantie en elastantie v.d. long.......................................................................................... 195
Weerstand .............................................................................................................................. 196
FEV1 (forced expired volume in 1 s) ......................................................................................... 197
Gasuitwisseling (diffusie) ........................................................................................................... 198
Diffusie van O2 en CO2 ............................................................................................................. 199
Diffusietijd en verblijftijd van erytrocyt in capillair................................................................... 199
Diffusiecapaciteit v.d. long: DLCO Transfercapaciteit v.d. long: TLCO ....................................... 200
Doorbloeding (perfusie) ............................................................................................................. 200
Zuurstoftransport ...................................................................................................................... 201
Regeling v.d. ademhaling ........................................................................................................... 202
Hypoventilatie en hyperventilatie ........................................................................................... 203
Respiratoire acidose ................................................................................................................ 203
Respiratoire alkalose ............................................................................................................... 203
Metabole acidose.................................................................................................................... 204
Metabole alkalose ................................................................................................................... 204
Leerdoelen probleem 7...................................................................................................... 205
De anatomie v.d. nieren ............................................................................................................ 205
Nieren ..................................................................................................................................... 205
De functie v.d. nieren................................................................................................................. 209
1. Filtratie................................................................................................................................ 210
2. Reabsorptie ......................................................................................................................... 214
3. secretie ............................................................................................................................... 217
4. Excretie ............................................................................................................................... 218
Clearance ................................................................................................................................ 218
4
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