This is a summary for the course MCRS year 1 communication science at the UvA. This is for partial exam 1 part A (not part B). It can also be used for the Dutch course since it is the same material.
What is scientic research?
Research is a systematc rrcess rof
- Prsing questrn
- Answering questrns
- Demrnstratng that yrur results are aali?
- Sharing yrur research results
Crmmunicatrn research is a systematc rrcess rof asking an? answering questrns abrut
human crmmunicatrn
Fundamental research (basic or pure) = crntribute tr science
Applied research= acquire knrwle?ge tr srlae a ractce rrblem
Scientic research is<
o Systematc rrcess
o Therretcal knrwle?ge
o Obseraatrn = empiricism
o Public
Veriiable
O en tr critcism
Results are always ‘ reliminary’
o Objectae
Fin?ing are nrt ersrnal
Uniofrrm rules (crm arable results)
o Em irical (base? rn srcial reality)
o Systematc an? cumulatae
Buil?s rn reairus research
In search ofrr aterns an? assrciatrns
o Pre?ictae
Results in re?ictrns
Quanttatie research: OR Qualitatie research:
- Measurement - Nr measurement
- Quanticatrn - Wrr?s
- Testng therry - Generatng therry
Research ?esigns<
- Ex erimental -> causality
- Crrss-sectrnal -> crrrelatrnal
- Lrngitu?inal -> crrrelatrnal
Data crllectrn methr?s<
- Obseraatrn
, - Prsing questrns (in-?e th interaiews, ofrcus grru s, a er/ encil, rnline, oface tr
oface)
- Content analysis (crllectng ?ata/inofrrmatrn ofrrm existng srurces such as text rr
images)
Week 2:
Basic assum trns behin? crmmunicatrn research<
Wrrl? aiew I<
- Human crmmunicatrn is rbjectaely measurable an? can be summarizee? in rules
- Nomothetc approach
Wrr? aiew II<
- Human crmmunicatrn is subjectae, in?iai?ualistc an? must be ?escribe? as such
- Idiographic approach
Ontology: questrns abrut the nature rof human crmmunicatrn
- What really is it?
- What is an attu?e? What is culture? What is an rrganizeatrn?
- Dr we eaer make real chrices?
- Is human ex erience in?iai?ual rr srcial?
o Objectiism: the un?erlying reality such as an attu?e, has the characteristcs
rof an rbject (rbjectae reality)
o Constructonism: srcial enttes such as an attu?e are crnsi?ere? srcial
crnstructrns, nrt rbjects. Researcher reofers s eciic aersirn rof srcial reality
rather than rne that can be regar?e? as ?einite
Epistemology: questrns rof hrw crmmunicatrn shrul? be un?erstrr?<
- What is knrwle?ge, what crunts as knrwle?ge?
- Hrw shrul? we acquire knrwle?ge abrut srcial wrrl??
o Tenacity< we’ae always ?rne it that way
o Intuitrn< it just seems right
o Authrrity< because X sai? sr
o Em iricism< because I’ae seen it
o Ratrnalism< lrgical reasrning
o Seren?i ity< the acci?ental breakthrrugh
o Positiism: a licatrn rof methr?s rof natural sciences ofrr the stu?y rof srcial
reality (knrwle?ge is what can be erceiae? by the senses, therry shrul? lea?
tr hy rthesis, knrwle?ge is arriae? at thrrugh the gathering rof ofacts that
rrai?e the basis ofrr rules an? laws
o Interpretiism: there is a ?iference between er le an? the rbjects rof the
natural sciences. Researchers shrul? ofrcus rn the subjectae meaning rof
srcial actrn
Twr scientic a rraches<
Empirical-Analytcal:
- Obserae, measure ofrrm researcher’s ers ectae
- Obseraatrn
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