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Epidemiology HLTH110 – Questions & Correct Answers
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Epidemiology HLTH110 – Questions & Correct Answers
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Epidemiology HLTH110 – Questions & Correct AnswersEpidemiology is ✔️Ans - Study of distribution and determinants of
health-related stats of events in specified populations, and the application
of this study to the control of health problems
Epidemiology definition ✔️Ans - To determine the extent of disease
found in the community
Causation ✔️Ans - To identify the causes of a disease (risk factors for
that disease)
Evaluate interventions ✔️Ans - New preventative and therapeutic
measures and new modes of health care delivery
Epidemiology uses ✔️Ans - Historical trends, natural history and causes
of disease, individual chances and risks, preventing and controlling disease,
planning, evaluation
Calculating rate ✔️Ans - "Number of events / Population at risk (""per
year"")"
Calculating mortality rate ✔️Ans - Number of deaths / Population at risk
Incidence definition ✔️Ans - Number of new cases of a disease -
incidence measures how quickly people are developing disease
Incidence calculation ✔️Ans - "Number of people who develop disease /
Average number of people in the population. (expressed "per year")
Incidence rate ✔️Ans - "number of disease onsets / Sum of time periods
("X cases per X years")
Measures how quickly people are developing disease ✔️Ans - Number of
people who develop disease in 1 year / Number of people at risk in
population in same 1 year
, Cumulative incidence + ✔️Ans - number of disease onsets / Number
w/out disease at entry - """incidence proportion" - must specify the
relevant time period - more accurate for short time periods or rare
diseases - assumes no-one is lost to follow up
Incidence proportion / cumulative incidence ✔️Ans - Measures risk of
probability of getting that disease
Incidence rate / density ✔️Ans - Measures how quickly (rate) cases
occur
Prevalence ✔️Ans - The number or proportion of cases of a particular
disease or condition present in a population at a given point in time -
existing cases
Prevalence calculation ✔️Ans - Number people with disease at a given
point in time / total number of people in the population
Point prevalence ✔️Ans - The proportion of a population that is affected
by disease at a given point in time
Period prevalence ✔️Ans - The proportion of a population that is
affected by disease over a given point in time - includes anyone at the start
of the period AND anyone who developed it during - often used for
conditions of short duration - an extreme example is lifetime prevalence
Prevalence can be increased by... ✔️Ans - Increased incidence, decreased
deaths, better treatment, increased duration of disease, migration
Descriptive studies ✔️Ans - Describe patterns of disease in populations
(snapshot) - description can generate hypothesis
Distribution of disease ✔️Ans - How a disease is spread out in a
population, often using factors such as person, place, and time
Types of descriptive studies ✔️Ans - Correlational (ecological), case
reports and case series, cross-sectional studies
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