Epidemiology ✔️Ans - studying the patterns of disease and injury in
the human population
Essential Services of Health ✔️Ans - Assurance, Assessment, Policy
Development
Assurance ✔️Ans - Law Enforcement, Link to/ Provide Care, Assure
Competent Workforce, Evaluate
- Chlorination of water - FDA
- Emergency Response Planning
- Providing culturally appropriate services
Assessment ✔️Ans - monitor health, diagnose and investigate
- Health Surveys
-reporting communicable diseases
- Vital stats
Policy Development ✔️Ans - Inform, Educate, Empower, Mobilize
Community Partnerships, Develop Policies
- health education - lead testing
- newborn screening programs
ERA Ancient Greek (500-323 BC) ✔️Ans - Personal hygiene, Physical
fitness (Olympics), Naturalistic concept: Disease caused by imbalance
between man and his environment
Hippocrates ✔️Ans - father of western medicine,Causal relationships:
Disease and climate, water, lifestyle, and nutrition, Coined the term
epidemic
ERA Roman Empire (23 BC- 476 AD) ✔️Ans - Adopted Greek health
values; Great engineers: Sewage systems, Aqueducts; Administration:
Public baths, Water supply, Markets
ERA Middle Ages (476 - 1450 AD) ✔️Ans - Shift away from Greek and
Roman values: Physical body less important than spiritual self, Decline of
, hygiene & sanitation; Beginnings of PH tools: Quarantine of ships, Isolation
of diseased
individuals
ERA of the Renaissance/ Global Exploration (1400-1600 AD) ✔️Ans -
Disease, spread by traders and explorers; Killed 90% of indigenous people
in New World
ERA Great Sanitation Awakening (1800s-1900s) ✔️Ans - Growth in
scientific knowledge; Water supply and sewage removal; Monitor
community health status; Connection between poverty
and disease
Sanitation Reform (US) ✔️Ans - 1850 Lemuel Shattucks: "Report of the
Sanitary Commission of Massachusetts"; 1869 State Board of Health; 1872
American Public Health Association formed
Sanitation Reform (England) ✔️Ans - 1842 Edwin Chadwick: "Survey
into the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Classes in Great Britain";
Landmark research; Graphic descriptions of filth and
disease spread in urban areas
Sanitation/ Knowledge Revolution ✔️Ans - Clean water: water
treatment; Food inspection; Soaps, disinfectants & pharmaceuticals;
Personal hygiene; Public works departments: garbage
collection, landfills, and street cleaning; Public health departments&
regulation; Important role of nutrition
ERA 1950s- mid 1980s: Filling holes in the medical care system ✔️Ans -
Assisting clinicians to effectively deliver services to those without private
medical care benefits (Medicaid and Medicare); Widespread use of
antibiotics; Clinical trials; Surgeon General Report on Smoking;
Framingham Heart Study; Environmental health association
ERA mid 1980s-2000 ✔️Ans - Focus on individual control of decision-
making and need for multiple interventions, early detect &prevention
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Studycafe. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.