Samenvatting van het vak Inleiding Recht
Eerste jaar, tweede semester.
Het gaat over verschillende soorten rechten: publiek recht, privaat recht, gemengde rechtstakken, internationaal recht, burgerlijk recht, gerechtelijk recht, strafrecht, ondernemingsrecht...
Contents
Deel 1: het recht en zijn bronnen...........................................................................................................6
Het begrip recht.....................................................................................................................................6
Recht is het geheel van bindende regels........................................................................................6
Recht moet de samenleving ordenen en in stand houden.............................................................6
Recht vereist gezag.........................................................................................................................6
Indeling van het recht.............................................................................................................................7
Algemeen...........................................................................................................................................7
Objectief ↔ subjectief recht.........................................................................................................7
Publiek recht.......................................................................................................................................7
Staatsrecht of grondwettelijk recht:...............................................................................................7
Het bestuurs- of administratief recht.............................................................................................8
Strafrecht Strafwetboek................................................................................................................8
Strafprocesrecht wetboek van strafvordering...............................................................................8
Privaatrecht........................................................................................................................................8
Burgerlijk recht...............................................................................................................................8
Ondernemingsrecht........................................................................................................................8
Vennootschapsrecht.......................................................................................................................8
Gerechtelijk privaatrecht gerechtelijk wetboek.............................................................................8
Internationaal privaatrecht wetboek IPR.......................................................................................8
Gemengde rechtstakken.....................................................................................................................8
Financieel recht..............................................................................................................................9
Sociaal recht...................................................................................................................................9
Intellectueel recht..........................................................................................................................9
Internationaal recht............................................................................................................................9
Volkenrecht....................................................................................................................................9
Supranationaal recht......................................................................................................................9
Bronnen van het recht............................................................................................................................9
Algemeen...........................................................................................................................................9
Materiële rechtsbronnen................................................................................................................9
Formele rechtsbronnen..................................................................................................................9
Deel 2: rechtstakken en hun basisbegrippen........................................................................................13
Het burgerlijk recht..............................................................................................................................13
Natuurlijke personen:...................................................................................................................13
Rechtspersonen............................................................................................................................13
, Rechtsfeiten, rechtshandelingen en rechtsgevolgen........................................................................13
Personenrecht..................................................................................................................................14
Naam............................................................................................................................................14
Geslacht........................................................................................................................................14
Nationaliteit..................................................................................................................................14
Afstamming..................................................................................................................................15
Woonplaats..................................................................................................................................15
Rechtsbekwaamheid en handelingsbekwaamheid.......................................................................15
Natuurlijke persoon......................................................................................................................15
Rechtspersoon..............................................................................................................................15
Familierecht......................................................................................................................................15
Huwelijk........................................................................................................................................15
Echtscheiding................................................................................................................................16
Afstamming..................................................................................................................................16
Wettelijke samenwoning..............................................................................................................17
Familiaal vermogensrecht................................................................................................................17
Huwelijksvermogensstelsel...........................................................................................................17
Niet-testamentair erfrecht...........................................................................................................18
Testament.....................................................................................................................................18
Verbintenissenrecht.........................................................................................................................19
Totstandkoming:...........................................................................................................................19
Begrip:..........................................................................................................................................19
Rechtshandelingen.......................................................................................................................19
Aansprakelijkheid.............................................................................................................................20
Algemeen (onrechtmatige daad)..................................................................................................20
Voorbeelden.................................................................................................................................22
Gerechtelijk recht.................................................................................................................................22
Begrip...............................................................................................................................................22
Fundamentele principes van het ‘recht spreken’.............................................................................23
Beginselen van het burgerlijk procesrecht....................................................................................23
Organisatie van de rechterlijke macht..............................................................................................23
Materiële bevoegdheid = inhoudelijke takenverdeling................................................................23
Territoriale bevoegdheid..............................................................................................................24
Overzicht van bevoegdheden.......................................................................................................24
Verloop van een gerechtelijk procedure..........................................................................................25
Overzicht......................................................................................................................................25
, Rechtsmiddelen............................................................................................................................25
Bewijsregeling..................................................................................................................................26
Bemiddeling......................................................................................................................................27
Het strafrecht/strafprocesrecht...........................................................................................................27
Strafrechtelijk legaliteitsbeginsel......................................................................................................27
Algemene bepalingen.......................................................................................................................27
Misdrijven.........................................................................................................................................27
Bestanddelen................................................................................................................................28
Poging en deelneming..................................................................................................................28
Verzwarende en verzachtende omstandigheden.........................................................................28
Vooronderzoek.................................................................................................................................29
Opsporingsonderzoek olv het openbaar ministerie......................................................................29
Gerechtelijk onderzoek olv de onderzoeksrechter.......................................................................29
Onderzoek ter terechtzitting............................................................................................................30
Rechterlijke organisatie in het strafprocesrecht...........................................................................30
Verdachte, inverdenkinggestelde, beklaagde, beschuldigde........................................................31
Vonnisfase....................................................................................................................................31
Straf..................................................................................................................................................32
Strafontmoeting, enkele begrippen..............................................................................................32
Internering....................................................................................................................................32
Het Belgische staatsbestel....................................................................................................................33
Gemeenschappen en gewesten........................................................................................................33
De wet..............................................................................................................................................34
Soorten.........................................................................................................................................34
Het verdrag...................................................................................................................................34
De grondwet.................................................................................................................................34
De federale wet............................................................................................................................34
Het decreet...................................................................................................................................35
De ordonnantie.............................................................................................................................35
Volmachtwet................................................................................................................................35
Het KB...........................................................................................................................................35
De besluiten van de deelregeringen.............................................................................................35
Het MB en de besluiten van de staatsecretarissen.......................................................................35
Normen uitgevaardigd dr de gecentraliseerde besturen..............................................................35
Normenhiërarchie bij de wet in ruime zin....................................................................................36
De democratische rechtstaat............................................................................................................36
, De scheiding der machten................................................................................................................36
Wetgevende macht (WM)............................................................................................................36
Uitvoerende macht (UM)..............................................................................................................37
Rechterlijke macht (RM)...............................................................................................................37
Het Belgische federalisme................................................................................................................38
De gemeenten en de provincies.......................................................................................................39
Algemeen......................................................................................................................................39
Provincies.....................................................................................................................................39
Gemeenten...................................................................................................................................39
Ondernemingsrecht..............................................................................................................................39
Begrip...............................................................................................................................................39
Voorwaarden en bewijsregeling.......................................................................................................40
Basisbegrippen.................................................................................................................................40
Vennootschapsrecht.........................................................................................................................41
Besloten vennootschap (BV).........................................................................................................42
Naamloze vennootschap (NV)......................................................................................................43
Coöperatieve vennootschap (CV).................................................................................................43
Personenvennootschap (maatschap)...........................................................................................43
Economisch recht.........................................................................................................................44
Fiscaal recht..........................................................................................................................................44
Begrip...............................................................................................................................................44
Grondwettelijke beginselen..............................................................................................................45
Basisbegrippen materieel fiscaal recht.............................................................................................45
Inkomstenbelasting......................................................................................................................45
Indirecte belasting........................................................................................................................46
Internationaal recht..............................................................................................................................46
Europese Unie (EU)...........................................................................................................................46
De Europese Commissie...............................................................................................................48
Het Europees Parlement...............................................................................................................48
De Raad van de Europese Unie.....................................................................................................48
Hof van Justitie (Luxemburg)........................................................................................................49
Raad van Europa...............................................................................................................................49
De Verenigde Naties (VN).................................................................................................................50
Veiligheidsraad.............................................................................................................................50
Secretariaat en Secretaris-generaal..............................................................................................50
Internationaal gerechtshof (ICJ)....................................................................................................50
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