Summary
samenvatting celbiologie hoofdstuk 1 te kennen biomoleculen
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celbio gegeven in het 1e jaar chemie/biochemie/biologie/geologie/geografie @kul door Van Dijck.
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Samenvatting celbio hoofdstuk 1Inhoud
1 Structuur, eigenschappen en functes an de biomoleculen...............................................................4
1.1 Chemische samenstelling an de cel (pg.3-4)...............................................................................4
1.2 Het element koolstof in de biochemie (pg.5)...............................................................................4
1.3 Polair s apolair (pg.5-7)...............................................................................................................4
1.4 Ste ige bindingen s zwakke bindingen (pg. 7-8).........................................................................5
1.5 O erzicht an de macromoleculen en de bindingen ertussen (pg.9-14).......................................5
1.6 Enkel oudige en meer oudige suikers (mono-, di-, oligo- en polysachariden) (pg.15-32)...........5
1.6.1 Monosachariden....................................................................................................................6
1.6.2 Di-, oligo- en polysachariden.................................................................................................6
1.7 Vetzuren en lipiden (pg.33-40).....................................................................................................8
1.7.1 Vetzuren................................................................................................................................8
1.7.2 Neutrale lipiden,triacylglycerolen of triglyceriden.................................................................8
1.7.3 Fosfolipiden...........................................................................................................................8
1.7.4 Glycolipiden...........................................................................................................................9
1.8 Aminozuren en proteïnen (pg.41-71)...........................................................................................9
1.8.1 Algemene structuur an proteïnen........................................................................................9
1.8.2 Functes an proteïnen........................................................................................................10
1.8.3 Aminozuren.........................................................................................................................10
1.8.4 Peptden, polypeptden en proteïnen..................................................................................11
1.8.5 De ruimtelijke structuur an proteïnen...............................................................................11
1.8.6 Iso-elektrisch punt an proteïnen........................................................................................13
1.8.7 Heteroproteïnen of geconjugeerde proteïnen....................................................................14
1.9 Nucleotden en nucleïnezuren (pg.72-95)...................................................................................14
1.9.1 Structuur an het erfelijk materiaal.....................................................................................14
1.9.2 Expressie an het erfelijk materiaal.....................................................................................15
1.10 Biochemische erbindingen in de cel met andere functes (pg.96-100)...................................19
1.11 Experimentele methoden oor de studie an de biochemische erbindingen an de cel
(pg.101-114).....................................................................................................................................20
1.11.1 Chromatografe..................................................................................................................21
2 Monosachariden................................................................................................................................24
2.1 Glucose.......................................................................................................................................24
2.2 Ribose.........................................................................................................................................24
2.3 Fructose......................................................................................................................................24
1
, 2.4 Galactose....................................................................................................................................24
2.5 glyceraldehyde............................................................................................................................25
2.6 Dihydroxyaceton.........................................................................................................................25
2.7 N-acetylglucosamine..................................................................................................................25
2.7.1 N-acetylmuraminezuur (aan melkzuur hangt ook nog een tetrapeptde)............................25
3 Disachariden......................................................................................................................................26
3.1 Maltose D-glucose α-1,4-binding D-glucose..............................................................................26
3.2 Lactose D-galactose β-1,4-binding D-glucose (α of β) ................................................................26
3.3 Sucrose/saccharose D-glucose α-1,2-binding β-D-fructose .......................................................26
3.4 Trehalose α-D-glucose 1,1-binding α-D-glucose........................................................................26
4 Polysachariden..................................................................................................................................27
4.1 Zetmeel amylose & amylopectne..............................................................................................27
4.1.1 Amylose eel α-D-glucose: α-1,4-binding...........................................................................27
4.1.2 Amylopectne α-D-glucose: α-1,4-binding (lineair) en α-1,6-binding ( ertakt) ...................27
4.2 Glycogeen α-D-glucose: α-1,4-binding (lineair) en α-1,6-binding ( ertakt) ................................27
4.3 Cellulose eel β-D-glucose β-1,4-binding...................................................................................28
4.4 Chitne eel β-1,4-bindingen N-acetylglucosamine ....................................................................28
4.5 Peptdoglycaan/mureïne N-acetylglucosamine β-1,4-binding N-acetylmuraminezuur .............28
5 Aminozuren.......................................................................................................................................29
6 Nucleotden RNA en DNA..................................................................................................................31
7 Lengte en erzadigingsgraad etzuren..............................................................................................32
7.1 Palmitnezuur C16H32O2...............................................................................................................32
7.2 Stearinezuur C18H36O2.................................................................................................................32
7.3 Oleïnezuur C18H34O2...................................................................................................................32
7.4 Linolzuur C18H32O2......................................................................................................................32
7.5 Linoleenzuur C18H30O2................................................................................................................32
7.5.1 α-linoleenzuur:....................................................................................................................32
7.5.2 λ-linoleenzuur :....................................................................................................................33
8 Fosfolipiden.......................................................................................................................................33
8.1 Fosfatdylcholine.........................................................................................................................33
9 Algemeen...........................................................................................................................................34
9.1 Triose..........................................................................................................................................34
9.2 Vetzuur.......................................................................................................................................34
9.3 Neutraal lipide/triacylglycerol....................................................................................................34
9.4 Fosfolipide..................................................................................................................................34
9.5 Peptde.......................................................................................................................................34
2
,9.6 Nucleïnezuur nucleotden erbonden door fosfaatester-bindingen (zie pg 8) ...........................35
3
, 1 Structuur, eigenschappen en functies van de
biomoleculen
1.1 Chemische samenstelling van de cel (pg.3-4)
grootste deel an de chemicaliën in cellen zijn organische erbindingen.
O ergrote deel an het drooggewicht an een cel bestaat uit macromolecule 90%
Voornaamste functes an de macromoleculen in de cel:
A. Polysacchariden
- reser efuncte (b . Zetmeel, glycogeen)
- structurele functe (b . Cellulose, chitne, mureïne in de celwanden)
B. Lipiden
- reser efuncte (b . Olie- en etdruppels)
- structurele functe (b . Fosfolipiden in membranen)
C. Proteïnen
- enzymen: katalyseren de reactes an het metabolisme
- reser efuncte (b . Albumine)
- structurele functe (b . Collageen)
- regulatorische functe (b . Hormonen)
- bewegingsfuncte (b . Spierbeweging)
- defensie e functe (b . Antlichamen en toxines)
- transportuncte (b . Hemoglobine)
D. Nucleïnezuren
- DNA: genetsch materiaal
- RNA: komt tussen bij de expressie an het genetsch materiaal
Ook anorganische erbindingen in de cel:
Fosfaat, NH4+, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+ en Fe3+ hoge concentrates
Samenstelling bacteriële cel: 70% water
22% macromoleculen
18% precursoren 1
1.2 Het element koolstof in de biochemie (pg.5)
C kan 4 co alente bindingen aangaan met andere atomen (O, P, N, S en H)
Ketens onbeperkte lengte en combinates
combinates nodig oor opbouw en functoneren an een organisme en oor doorge en an
kenmerken
1.3 Polair vs apolair (pg.5-7)
polair Apolair
Hydrofel Hydrofoob
wateraantrekkend Lipofel
wateroplosbaar Waterafstotend
1
Stoffen die als tussenproduct fungeren oor synthesereactes an suikers
4
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