Inleiding tot de criminologie en de strafrechtsbedeling
Institution
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
Book
Criminology
Deze samenvatting bestaat uit een volledige en uitgebreide weergave van alle leerstof (leerstof van in de lessen en van in het boek). Deze samenvatting gebruikt de powerpoints als leidraad. Het legt alle criminologische theorieën grondig uit, legt onderling linken met de verschillende theorieën e...
Inleiding tot de criminologie en de strafrechtsbedeling
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INLEIDING TOT DE CRIMINOLOGIE EN
STRAFRECHTSBEDELING
Door: Mariam El.B
Jaar: 2023-2024
1
,Inhoudsopgave
1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 9
1.1 De criminologische wetenschap en haar object .................................................... 9
1.1.1 Wat is criminologie? ............................................................................... 9
1.1.2 Criminaliteit ontleden in dimensies van criminaliteit ........................................ 9
1.1.3 Criminaliteit is geen ontologisch gegeven .....................................................10
1.1.4 Verschillende onderzoekssubjecten ............................................................11
1.1.5 Poging tot het definieren van ‘criminologie’ .................................................11
1.2 Waarom is het zo moeilijk om ‘criminaliteit’ te omschrijven of definiëren? .................12
1.2.1 Ethische en morele omschrijving over goed en kwaad ......................................12
1.2.2 Rol van belangengroepen ........................................................................12
1.2.3 Normovertreding kwalificeren als strafbaar ..................................................13
1.3 What’s in a word: Vakjargon of criminologisch correct taalgebruik ...........................14
1.3.1 Misdrijven ..........................................................................................14
1.3.2 Justitie .............................................................................................14
1.3.3 Dader ...............................................................................................15
1.3.4 Slachtoffer .........................................................................................15
3 The Enlightenment and early traditions ............................................................ 24
3.1 Het verlichtingsdenken ................................................................................24
3.1.1 Klassieke school ...................................................................................25
3.1.2 Positivisme .........................................................................................28
3.1.3 Psycho-biologische theorieën ...................................................................32
3.1.4 KLASSIEKE SCHOOL VS. POSITIVISME............................................................33
4 Early sociologies of crime ............................................................................. 34
4.1 Criminaliteit is normaal ...............................................................................34
4.2 Criminaliteit is deel van het sociaal conflict ......................................................35
4.3 Criminaliteit is gevolg van culturele transmissie .................................................35
4.4 Criminaliteit is het gevolg van maatschappelijke spanning (strain)............................37
4.5 Criminaliteit is geleerd ...............................................................................40
4.6 Criminaliteit is gebrek aan sociale controle .......................................................40
4.7 Conclusie en overzicht van het vroeg sociologisch denken ......................................41
2
,5 Radicalizing traditions: labelling, Marxism, new criminology, subculture, feminism and
Foucault........................................................................................................... 42
5.1 Inleiding radicale criminologie .......................................................................42
5.1.1 Context van de radicale criminologie ..........................................................42
5.1.2 Basiskritieken van de radicale criminologie ...................................................42
5.2 Eerste theorie binnen de radicale criminologie: deviantie & labelling theorie ..............43
5.2.1 Bijdragen van de deviantie & labelling theorie ...............................................44
5.2.2 Problemen van de deviantie & labelling theorie .............................................45
5.2.3 Ontwikkelingen van de deviantie & labelling theorie........................................45
5.3 Tweede theorie binnen de radicale criminologie: marxisme ....................................45
5.4 Derde theorie binnen de radicale criminoligie: new Criminology ..............................46
5.5 Reactie op het radicale criminologische denken: het realisme .................................47
5.5.1 Rechts realisme ...................................................................................47
5.5.2 Links realisme .....................................................................................48
5.5.3 Overzicht rechts realisme en links realisme ..................................................50
5.6 Vierde theorie binnen de radicale theorie: subcultuurtheorie .................................51
5.6.1 Kritieken op de subcultuurtheorie ..............................................................51
5.7 Vijfde theorie binnen de radicale criminologie: feminisme .....................................52
5.7.1 Kritieken vanuit het feminisme .................................................................52
5.8 Zesde theorie binnen de radicale criminologie: Michel Foucault en discours.................53
6 Crime, place and space ................................................................................ 54
6.1 Inleiding tot criminaliteit en ruimtelijke context ................................................54
6.2 Geografie ................................................................................................54
6.3 Geografische patronen criminaliteit ................................................................55
6.4 Criminaliteit en ruimte ...............................................................................55
6.4.1 Belang ..............................................................................................56
6.4.2 Technologien ......................................................................................57
6.4.3 Kritische reflectie .................................................................................57
8 Life course criminology ................................................................................ 66
8.1 Levensloopcriminologie? ..............................................................................66
8.1.1 Desistance..........................................................................................67
8.2 Uitgangspunt ............................................................................................68
8.3 Twee stromingen in levensloopcriminologie: prospectief en retrospectief ...................68
8.4 Sleutelstudies ...........................................................................................69
8.4.1 Sheldon & Eleanor Glueck .......................................................................69
8.4.2 West & Farrington ................................................................................69
8.4.3 Andere studies .....................................................................................70
8.5 Kritiek levensloopcriminologie .......................................................................71
8.6 Levenskansen ...........................................................................................71
8.7 Gender en intersectionaliteit ........................................................................72
8.8 Levensloopcriminologie en reactie strafrechtsbedeling ..........................................72
8.9 Criminaliteitspreventie: niveau’s ...................................................................73
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