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German Nationalism 1789 to 1919
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This document details the events of and important facts pertaining to the rise of German Nationalism between 1789 and 1919.
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Look more into/ don’t understandGerman Nationalism 1789-1919
Germany in 1789 - Problems
States varied in size: 33m squared of land in Schwartzburg-Sonderhausen.
Habsburg = 115,533m squared
By 1800 23million Germans inhabited 314 states
Loosely ruled by the Holy Roman Empire
Germany lacked natural borders on the east and the south
Mixture of ethnicities under the HRE
1805-06 Napoleon defeats the Holy Roman Empire
The HRE was led by Austria and Prussia. When the powers were defeated by Napoleon, the
HRE collapsed.
Napoleon’s takeover
Helps nationalism Hinders nationalism
Many small German states amalgamated – France gained control over the land left of the
reduced to 39 states Rhine – making cooperation more difcult
Napoleonic System opposed the traditional Bavaria, Saxony, Baden and 14 other states
(medieval) feudal system formed into the Confederation of the Rhine -
German citizens resented the rise of taxes in under French control. Separate laws and
other countries due to French rule judicial systems replaced by the French legal
People felt like pawns used against the British system
Some call to expel the French Urban workers and peasants were mainly
Many Germans released from feudal disinterested in the political change
restrictions Had to be forced by allied armies to abdicate
French ideas of LEF spread
Appalling behaviour of the French occupying
troops
Literary revival
Romantic Nationalism
Creating the image of ‘Germany’ which did not yet exist
Not as widespread as negative cohesion
Love for your country
Confined to upper and middle classes who are literate – small scale, within powerful,
influential members of parliament
Literary revival
Opposite to negative cohesion
Resistance to French rule
Increase in pro-German poetry, folklore, philosophy and art
Intellectuals Efect on German Nationalism
Grimm brothers first extensive dictionary of the German language
Goethe & Schiller Poets/ philosophers.
Led to the period of ‘Weimer Classicism’ and the rebirth of drama in
Germany. Founded the Weimar Theater, which became the leading
theatre in Germany.
Schiller voted 2nd most important playwright in history after
Shakespeare
‘I feel an army in my fist’
Albert Bielschowsky – ‘without Goethe [there was] no German Reich!’
Herder (Kant had Philosopher
same ideas) Inspired by Jean Jacques Rousseau and Emmanuel Sieyes’ ideas of
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