Summary
Summary YR 2 CONTENT
- Course
- Institution
Summary of 6 pages for the course Foundations Of Biomedical, Behavioural And Social Sciences For Medicine 2020/21 at UoS (YR 2 CONTENT)
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
manalmalik4
Content preview
Endocrinology 1Hypothalamus: Homeostasis
HR
BP
Temp
Electrolyte balance
Appetite and body weight
Sleep cycle
GI secretions
Regulates the anterior pituitary gland via release of hormones
Produces Dopamine-inhibits prolactin release
Synthesises hormones that are released by the posterior pituitary: oxytocin and ADH
Pituitary gland:
Negative feedback loops
Synthesises and releases hormones
Anterior: ACTH,LH,FHS,TSH,GH,Prolactin
Posterior: ADH and Oxytocin
Embryological development of the pituitary gland:
Rathke’s pouch- protrusion of the ectoderm from roof of mouth= anterior
Neuroectoderm- diencephalon=posterior
HPA Axis:
Circadian cycle, is a natural, internal process that regulates
the sleep–wake cycle and repeats roughly every 24 hours.
= diurnal secretion- night and day
Response to stress
ACTH- regulates the adrenal cortex and Renin/aldosterone
Cortisol secretion:
Increases blood glucose (gluconeogenesis)
Suppresses the immune system
Alters fat, protein and carb metabolism
Decreases bone formation
Mineralcorticoid effects increase Na= increase BP decrease K
Cortisol levels are highest in the morning
Lowest at night
Therefore, when testing- if levels are lower in the morning indication of a problem
, Cushing disease Buffalo hump
Excess of cortisol due to increased ACTH Central obesty and thin limbs
secretion from pituitary
Complications:
Cushing syndrome: Cortisol excess Type 2 diabetes
Hypertension
Causes: Osteoporosis
Pituitary ACTH excess
Ectopic ACTH secretion- cancer Investivations:
Adrenal cortisol excess 24hr urine cortisol
Exogenous steroids Midnight cortisol-elevated due to diurnal
variation
ACTH
Symptoms:
Lethargy Treatment:
Depression Medical- inhibitors of steroidogenesis
Muscle weakness (multistep process for biosynthesis
Irregular periods of steroid hormones from
Erectile dysfunction cholesterol)
Surgical
Clinical features: Radiotherapy
Facial plethora
Acne Pseudo-cushing’s syndrome- clinical and
Hirsuitism biochemical features secondary to other
Thinning scalp hair conditions
Thin skin-bruise easily Eg alcohol,obesity
HPG axis:
Role:
Development, reproduction and aging
GnRH=pulsatile
Low activity in childhood- activated in adolescence
Low frequency for FSH release
High frequency for LH release
Males have frequent pulses
Females: Frequency varies.-large surge before ovulation
GnRH- not needed for pregnancy
LH and FSH- regulate menstrual cycle, spermatogenesis and testosterone production
Sex hormones- needed for bone metabolism
Axis affected by environment factors
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller manalmalik4. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.33. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
76202 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now