Summary
Summary YR 2 CONTENT
- Course
- Institution
Summary of 5 pages for the course Foundations Of Biomedical, Behavioural And Social Sciences For Medicine 2020/21 at UoS (YR 2 CONTENT)
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
manalmalik4
Content preview
Diseases of the immune system 3Hypersensitivity- overreaction to a harmless molecule= immune response=inflammation and
tissue damage
4 classifications of hypersensitivities
All involve the adaptive response
Summary:
2nd row-immune components that are recognised
Type 1
IgE mediated
IgE normal function: remoce extracellular parasites particularly multicellular ones
(helminths) as cannot be phagocytosed due to size
Binds to receptors (FcεRI (Fc receptors) on mast cells, eosinophils and basophils
DOES NOT CARRY OUT THE RESPONE- BUT RECOGNITION
Cells involved in the type 1 response
Mast cells
Tissue resident (mucosal tissues) near body surfaces
Connective tissues near blood vessels
Has surface pre-bound IgE antibodies with a range of specificities
Once cross-linked=release histamine,leukotrienes,cytokines and
enzymes
, Eosinophils:
Present small numbers in the blood
Resident in connective tissues under mucosal surfaces
Receptors on surface
Once cross linked-release toxic mediators (MBP,cytokines and ECP)
Th2- regulate eosinophil arm:
Secrete cytokines (IL-5)- promotion of development and survival of eosinophils
Promote recruitment of eosinophils to sites of inflammation by stimulating release of
chemokines by activated endothelial and epithelial cells
Basophils:
Minor population in the peripheral blood and peripheral tissues
Recruited to sites of inflammation
Activated by PAMPs,cytokines and lipid mediators
Receptors on surface-cross linked- release of histamine and other mediators
Secrete: IL-4 and IL-13- initiate Th2 responses
Response:
First exposure: sensitisation
Allergen is picked up by APC
Presented to T cells
Activation of B cells
Production of IgE
Binds to mast cells receptors
Immune response=allergen gone
Second exposure:
Immediate Mast cell reaction
Pre-bound IgE= release of granule contents:
Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
The dose and route of allergen (exposure) can alter reaction
IV- release of histamine=systemic increase in blood vessel permeability anaphylactic
shock
Subcutaneous- local release of histamine- oedema and reddening wheal and flare
reaction
Inhalation- Upper airways: nasal irritation and increased mucus production. Lower
airways- contraction of smooth muscle and increased mucus production runny nose
and bronchoconstriction
Ingestion- contraction of smooth muscle, increased fluid loss, antigen may enter
bloodstream urticaria,atopic,eczema,anaphylaxis
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller manalmalik4. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
52928 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now