APUSH unit 6 study guide questions and answers

vertical integration andrew carnagie- the steel company you own and control every aspect of production horizontal integration John D. Rockefeller- oil business- "Standard Oil" you align your business with your competitors and begin to take control of their company allowing you to monopolize your profit trusts developed by Rockefeller- smaller oil company assign their stock to the board of directors of standard oil JP morgan biggest banker/financer of the time JP funds industrialization by investing money to companies shark tank robber barrens selfish business men- negative POV says these guys have became wealthy by exploiting the working class, their factories have terrible conditions, low wages and unfair business practices social darwinism people deserve what they get by how they act Herbert Spencer- applied darwins theory of survival of the fittest to US economy and society Gospel of Wealth This was a book written by Carnegie that described the responsibility of the rich to be philanthropists. carnagie personally builds libraries, funds carnagie hall and carnagie melon Sherman Anti-trust act federal gov. 1st attempt at regulating big businesses poorly worded full of legal loopholes mostly ineffective old immigrants ireland and germany (come from N and W Europe) new immigrants Italy and Russia (come from S and E Europe) push factors religious oppression forced military service lack of economic opportunity Pull Factors reputation for political and religious freedom cheap, available land ton of unskilled factory jobs becoming available development of large steel ships steerage part of boat immigrants traveled on (poor conditions) political machine political party organization that was able to gain complete control over local politics Tanamy Hall most well known political machine operated in NYC leader- Boss Tweed Janie Adams founds Hull house in chicago nations 1st settlement house provide assistance to immigrants, english classes, childcare and generally help adapt to life in big american city gilded looks good on outside not so great on inside (gold on outside crappy on inside) 4 "tions" immigration urbanization industrialization corruption (political) National Labor union 1866- William Sylvis goals: 8 hr work day creation of federal department of labor no convict labor limit immigration Knights of Labor 1869- Uriah Stevens and Terrance Powderly membership- wanted both skilled and unskilled workers and allowed women and blacks to join goals progressive income tax cooperative ownership of factory no convict labor end child labor equal pay for women Hay Market Square Riot 1886 Chicago at a labor demonstration a bomb is thrown into crowd killing 7 cops one of guys charged in riot was former KOL member but in the report of story it said he was a current member so KOL was associated with this act of violence which created a view of being radical and lost massive memberships American Federation of Labor (AFL) 1886- Samuel Gompers membership-skilled workers only no women or minorities goals focus on "bread and butter issues" for workers (higher pay, less hours (8), better working conditions structure made up of individual craft unions that AFL adopted to work together (umbrella organization) Cross of Gold Speech An impassioned address by William Jennings Bryan at the 1896 Deomcratic Convention, in which he attacked the "gold bugs" who insisted that U.S. currency be backed only with gold. mugwumps Republican Party activists who had switched to the Democratic Party because they did not like the financial corruption that was associated with the Republican candidate James G. Blaine in 1884. nativism the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants. Populist party bimetalism graduated income tax government ownership of railroads and telegraph lines introduction of secret ballot direct election of senators plessy vs. ferguson a case that was brought to supreme court by black lawsuits to challenge the legality of segregation. The court ruled that segregation was legal as long as it was "equal" pendleton civil service act (1883) set standards for federal jobs 1883 law that created a Civil Service Commission and stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute to campaign funds nor be fired for political reasons battle of little big horn (1876) sioux under leadership of sitting bull wipe out general custard and crew-sitting bull and followers flee to canada and eventually return to US and surrender in 1881 compromise of 1877 Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river morrill land grants federal government gives states large tracts of land so they can open agricultural and technological colleges with idea being it will encourage western settlement urbanization An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements. industrialization The development of industries for the machine production of goods. labor union movement the 19th cent. movement that defended workers against their employers was: barbed wire put an end to open range used to fence in land on great plains