APUSH Unit 6 Vocab 2024 with complete verified definitions

Gilded Age Age of history that occurred right after the end of the Civil War, brought lots of growth to America including lots of immigration from Europe Whiskey Ring During the Grant administration, a group of officials were importing whiskey and using their offices to avoid paying the taxes on it, cheating the treasury out of millions of dollars., During the Grant administration, a group of officials were importing whiskey and using their offices to avoid paying the taxes on it, cheating the treasury out of millions of dollars. Tweed Ring A group of friends of William Tweed, who held offices in politics because of their friendship. Known as the Tweed ring because of the group of friends. Credit Mobilier Scandal 1873 law that required the federal government to purchase and coin more silver, increasing the money supply and causing inflation. "forgettable presidents" The presidencies during the Gilded Age were sometimes known as forgettable because of their lack of work done while in office Patronage is the support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows to another Stalwarts a person who is loyal to their allegiance (especially in times of revolt) Half-breeds republican reformers who supported the spoils system Mugwumps Republican political activists who bolted from the US republican party by voting for the democratic party candidate Thomas Nast Newspaper cartoonist who produced satirical cartoons, he invented "Uncle Sam" and came up with the elephant and the donkey for the political parties. He nearly brought down Boss Tweed. Pendleton Act 1883, enacted civil service reform, said the Civil Service Exam must be taken in order to recieve most government jobs (highest scores got the jobs), banned federal employees from giving campaign money to their party Laissez Faire economic environment in which transactions between private parties are free from tariffs,government subsidies, and enforced monopolies, with only enough government regulations sufficient to protect property rights against theft and aggression. Transconinental Railroad The idea of a railroad system that ran across the United States to help with the transportation of goods Pacific Railway Act A series of scts passed from congress that promoted the construction of the transcontinental railroad in the US through authorizing the issuance of government bonds and the grants of land to railroad companies Union Pacific Railraod Largest Railroad network in the US. Was the first company to begin laying down the rail of the Transcontinental Railroad system "paddies" Nickname for the Irish immigrants to the US during the gilded age Central Pacific Railroad name of the railroad built between California and Utah. Worked to build the Transcontinental Railroad "coolies" was an asian slave or manual worker. Asians that immigrated to the US and worked to lay down rail Promontory Point Point in Utah where the Transcontinental Railroad was completed. The crews celebrated with placing real golden spikes into the last track laid. Cornelius Vanderbuilt American buisness man leader who controlled the new york central railroad and up to 4.500 miles of track "Robber Barons" Refers to the industrialists or big business owners who gained huge profits by paying their employees extremely low wages. They also drove their competitors out of business by selling their products cheaper than it cost to produce it. Then when they controlled the market, they hiked prices high above original price. "pools" agreements between companies to maintain prices at a certain level Munn v. Illinois 1876; The Supreme Court upheld the Granger laws. The Munn case allowed states to regulate certain businesses within their borders, including railroads, and is commonly regarded as a milestone in the growth of federal government regulation. Wabash case, 1886 was a United States Supreme Court case that severely limited the rights of states to control interstate commerce. It led to the creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission. Limited States' rights Interstate Commerce Act prohibited rebates and pools, required railroads to publish rates, forbade discrimination against shippers, and outlawed charging more for short haul than for a long one over the same line Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) First independent regulatory agency (1887) to bring order concerning railroads; can take public testimony on possible violation; can examine company records; can oversee enforcement of law Alexander Graham Bell He was an American inventor who was responsible for developing the telephone. This greatly improved communications in the country. Thomas A. Edison American inventor famous for the light bulb and his inventions which use electricity, One of the most prolific inventors in U.S. history. He invented the phonograph, light bulb, electric battery, mimeograph and moving picture. Trust a group of corporations run by a single board of directors "Verticle integration" practice in which a single manufacturer controls all of the steps used to change a raw material into a finished product Andrew Carnegie Creates Carnegie Steel. Gets bought out by banker JP Morgan and renamed U.S. Steel. Andrew Carnegie used vertical integration by buying all the steps needed for production. Was a philanthropist. Was one of the "Robber barons" "Horizontal integration" absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in the same level of production and sharing resources at that level Standard Oil Company Founded by John D. Rock