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PSYC 140 Module 4 Exam Review with correct Answers
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PSYC 140 - Module 4 Exam Review with correctAnswers
1). What differences in skills might you expect to see in a 2 year old as compared to a 6 year
old?
Ans: 2 year old might be able to jump and catch a ball, but a 6 year old would be able to
do things like skip or ride a bike (gross motor skills). In terms of fine motor skills, a 2 year
old should be able to use a spoon, but a six year old might be tying his shoes or writing
some numbers and words.
2). Gross motor skills
Ans: are those which require the whole body for movement.
3). Fine motor skills
Ans: are the ability to make movements using the small muscles in our hands and
wrists.
4). Describe myelination. how does it affect the way that young children think?
Ans: occurs when some neurons become insulated with a layer of fat. This layer serves
as lubrication to speed up messages being relayed among neurons, meaning our thought
processes and thinking literally speeds up. This process usually takes many years and
has a direct impact on a child's thinking process.
5). Describe synaptic pruning. what does this imply for the differences between how children
think versus how adults think?
Ans: is automatic process where the brain purges synaptic connections that aren't
used. The under-utilized synaptic connections between neurons die away while important
ones become strengthened. This continues throughout childhood into early adulthood.
This process results in a more efficient adult brain. Essentially if you don't "use it" you
"lose it," for memories or experiences that happened in early childhood development, they
will generally fade away unless the experience was traumatic or pivotal.
6). What is symbolic function?
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, Ans: (ages 2-4) children continue to develop in their abilities to mentally represent
objects that are not right in front of them. Limitations or errors in thinking that occur in
this substage include Egocentrism and Animism. Egocentrism refers to a problem with
taking another person's perspective or point of view. Animism refers to a child's belief that
inanimate objects can have lifelike qualities.
7). What is intuitive thought?
Ans: (ages 4-7) children start to develop reasoning ability. However, young children are
prevented from engaging in highly rational thought because of centration. Centration
involves focusing all attention on one feature of an object. In doing so, the young child
may miss the "big picture" as well as any other feature of the object. Centration may also
result in a child's difficulty with conservation. Conservation involves understanding that
the physical properties of substances or objects do not change if merely the appearance
is altered.
8). Would piaget say that it's appropriate to describe small children as selfish? why or why not?
Ans: In their world, it is all about them. This isn't selfish it is egocentric. According to
Piaget, they understand the world through their own personal perspective. This does not
mean that they're selfish; they are egocentric and just don't understand that other people
have different perspectives, needs, and wants.
9). Define "zone of proximal development"
Ans: the gap between what a child can accomplish alone and what they can do if
guided by an expert. Vygotsky focused on what could be accomplished collaboratively
with others.
10). Define "scaffolding."
Ans: involves the teacher or expert offering changing levels of support as the child's
competence increases meaning that the teacher may guide the student with every step
early on but doesn't need to offer very much support once the student can do most of the
task on their own.
11). Vygotsky's approaches to cognitive development.
Ans: approached cognitive development from a sociocultural standpoint and
emphasized collaborative learning.
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