GIA Diamond Essentials Questions With 100% Correct Answers.

chemical element - Answer-consists of only one kind of atom mineral - Answer-inorganic. most minerals are a combo of 2 or more elements diamonds form - Answer-within 90-120 miles below earth's surface value factos - Answer-features used to judge the quality and value of stones - a diamonds value is based on its combo of the Four C's inclusions - Answer-clarity characteristic totally enclosed in a polished gemstone or extending into it from the surface. affect value most blemishes - Answer-clarity characteristic on the surface of a gemstone (surface irregularity). includes scratches and knicks on a surface rarest diamond colors - Answer-red, purple, green, orange- then pink and blue lab-grown - Answer-manmade material with the same chemical composition, crystal structure, and properties simulants/imitations - Answer-simply look like naturals- not the same composition (can be man made or natural) - cz, moissanite, glass, zircon, LG spinel Federal Trade Commission (FTC) - Answer-established by congress in 1914 to protect consumers from unlawful business cut - Answer-how light performs in a stone- affects brightness, fire, and scintillation brightness - Answer-effect of stone's internal and external reflections of white light (brilliance) fire - Answer-flashes of color in a diamondscintillation - Answer-flashes of light and contrasting dark areas seen when the diamond, light, or observer move crown - Answer-top part of diamond- above firdle girdle - Answer-narrow section between crown and pavillion- functions as the setting edge pavillion - Answer-lower part- below girdle facets - Answer-flat, polished surface culet - Answer-small facet at bottom of stone brilliant cut - Answer-cutting style with triangular or kite shaped facets that radiate from the center toward the girdle standard round brilliant - Answer-57-58 facets (full cut) - 58th facet is the culet if it has one single cut - Answer-17-18 facets fancy cuts - Answer-any shape other than round brilliant step cuts - Answer-long narrow facets in rows parallel to girdle on both crown and pavillion- usually in 3 or 4 rows mixed cuts - Answer-cut that combines brilliant and step cut styles - usually step facets are on crown and brilliant on pavillion branded cuts - Answer-style developed, named, and promoted by a specific manufacturer carat - Answer-unit of weight. one carat is 0.2 gramsdurability - Answer-gemstones ability to withstand wear, heat, and chemicals - 3 properties: hardness, toughness, stability hardness - Answer-resistance to scratching and abrasion