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Summary African American Civil Rights in the USA
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A summary of A level History Civil Rights in the USA for African American
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African AmericansPre 1900
Federal government
13th amendment, 1865-abolished slavery
14th amendment, 1868- granted citizenship
15th amendment, 1870- granted vote
Freedman's bureau, 1867-1872- training and education
Klan Act/Force Act, 1871- Grant sent army into South to stop
KKK
Cruikshank, 1876- FG can't interfere in state matters
Slaughterhouse, 1873- state rights
CRA 1875- made unconstitutional in 1883
Andrew Johnson, 1865-1868- pardons and amnesties to former
slave owners
Mississippi vs Williams, 1898- literacy test, grandfather clause,
poll tax
Plessy vs Ferguson- separate but equal
Racist organisations
KKK, 1865-1871- formed by Nathan Bedford Forrest, 1st grand
wizard- used lynching- stopped by President Grant
Redshirts- formed 1875- used to restore democrats to power
The knights of the White Camelia,1867- non-violent anti-
African American group
The White League,1874- tried to get republicans out of office-
used intimidation and violence
, African Americans
Booker T Washington- formed Tuskegee Institute, 1881- taught
vocational skills and basic literacy and numeracy- taught 4
qualities: thrift, punctuality, sobriety, cleanliness
Atlanta Compromise, 1895- give jobs and they will stop
demanding civil rights- accommodationism
Du Bois- published “Philidelphia Negro”, a study of A.A-
introduced “double Consciousness”, the 2 different ways white
and black people saw life- formed NAACP, helping get
constitutional change
Ida B Wells- anti lynching- formed NAACP
1900-1945
Federal government
Fair employment practises committee (FEPC), 1941- set up by
FDR to give jobs regardless of race- Keynesian Economy
AAA (agriculture adjustment act)- paid farmers to artificially
increase price of agriculture- sharecroppers weren't paid
FDR new Deal-
Social security act, 1935- could get financial help from govt
War and economy
370000 joined WW1- criticised by Philip Randolph
Army segregated
Factories in north- great migration (1914-1970)
Many accused of “black bolshevism” if they wanted civil rights
African Americans
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