Summary Mao's China - Economy (Industry and Agriculture)
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Course
Unit 2E.1 - Mao\'s China, 1949-76
Institution
PEARSON (PEARSON)
Written by a Cambridge Law student with an A* at history A-level.
Outlines the different aspects of the economy for both industry and agriculture. This includes issues before Communist rule and the Five Year Plans, including the Great Leap Forward and Recovery.
Very detailed and full of fac...
Before Communist power gain
- Problems
Industry
o Industry crippled after WW2 + civil war 1949, inflation at 1000% as
GMD borrowed money + output dropped to 25% of pre war level
Solutions
o price stability fully recovery by 1953 by introducing + regulating new
currency
o Industry nationalised after 1949 + attempt to improve productivity by
educating unskilled workforce
1952-57: 1st Five Year Plan (Soviet inspired heavy industry plan)
- Aims
Wanted to become self sufficient industrial powerhouse (both food +
manufactured goods) to protect China in potentially hostile capitalist
world aimed to follow Soviet method of rapid industrialisation +
collectivisation (Mao heavily influenced by Stalinist ‘Short Course’, history
of USSR detailed stages of development)
- Methods
All industry nationalised by 1956
Over 10,000 Soviet civil technicians worked on over 300 major heavy
industrial projects (eg iron + steel, industrial machinery + chemicals)
Financed by food requisitioning from APCs, higher levels of taxation in
cities + loans from USSR (eg $300 million loan to be paid with interest)
- Successes
Over 200 industrial plants built by Soviets (core of China’s new industrial
sector)
Industrial production increased 19% / year, coal production doubled +
steel production quadrupled
Number of lorries increased from virtually zero to 7,500
- Failures
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