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Ling 1 UCLA Midterm Exam |UCLA Ling 1 Exam Update Questions and Correct Answer Rated A+
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Ling 1 UCLA Midterm Exam |UCLA Ling 1 Exam Update Questions and Correct Answer Rated A+
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Ling 1 UCLA Midterm Exam 2024-2025|UCLA Ling 1 Exam Update 2024-2025
Questions and Correct Answer Rated A+
The scientific study of language - ANSWER-linguistics
Structures that work together to create the sound - ANSWER-vocal tract
Alveolar - ANSWER-(#1 on image)
Hard palate - ANSWER-(#2 on image)
Soft palate/velum - ANSWER-(#3 on image)
Uvula - ANSWER-(#4 on image)
Pharynx - ANSWER-(#5 on image)
Glottis - ANSWER-(#6 on image)
Three features that determine consonants - ANSWER-1) place of articulation
2) manner of articulation
3) voicing
Sounds produced by bringing both lips together (i.e. [b], [p], [m]) - ANSWER-bilabials
Sounds produced by touching the bottom lip to the upper teeth (i.e. [f], [v]) - ANSWER-
labiodentals
Sounds produced by inserting the tip of the tongue between the upper teeth and the
lower teeth (i.e. [θ], [đ]) - ANSWER-interdentals
Sounds produced by raising the tip of the tongue to the alveolar ridge (part of the hard
palate directly behind the upper front teeth) (i.e. [t], [d], [n], [s], [z], [l], [r]) - ANSWER-
alveolars
Sounds produced by raising the front part of the tongue to the hard palate (bony section
of the roof of the mouth behind the alveolar ridge) (i.e. [ʃ], [ʒ], [tʃ], [dʒ], [j]) - ANSWER-
palatals
Sounds produced by raising the back of the tongue to the soft palate or velum (i.e. [k],
[g], [ŋ]) - ANSWER-velars
,[h] produced with the flow of air through the open glottis.
[Ɂ] produced if the air is stopped completely at the glottis by tightly closed vocal chords:
glottal stop - ANSWER-glottals
Bilabial and velar - ANSWER-labio-velar
Vocal cords apart, air flows freely through glottis (no vibration) - ANSWER-voiceless
Vocal cords together, airstream forces way through, causing vibration - ANSWER-
voiced
There is a complete obstruction of airflow somewhere in the vocal tract - ANSWER-
stops
The velum is raised to block the nasal cavity so that when the stop is released, the air
flows out through the mouth (i.e. [p, b, t, d, k, g, Ɂ ]) - ANSWER-oral stops
The velum is lowered to
Open the nasal cavity (i.e. [m] [n] [ŋ]) - ANSWER-nasal stops
There is a major, but not complete, obstruction in the vocal tract (i.e. F, v, ɵ as in thick,
ð as in thy, s, z, ʃ as in issue, ʒ as in leisure, h as in house) - ANSWER-fricatives
Briefly stopping the air flow completely, then slightly releasing the closure so that a
fricative‐like noise is produced (i.e. [tʃ] as in cheap, [dʒ] as in Joe) - ANSWER-affricates
Some minor obstruction of the vocal tract w/ tongue, but air still passes through (i.e. [l,
r]) - ANSWER-liquids
[l] - If you inhale sharply you should feel air passing along the sides of your tongue -
ANSWER-lateral Liquid
[r] - articulated in the alveolar region and for most, the tip of the tongue is curled back
behind the alveolar ridge - ANSWER-retroflex liquid
1)tongue position (frontness/backness)
2)tongue height (high/mid/low)
3)lip rounding
4)tenseness - ANSWER-four features to determine vowels
[i] beet, [ɪ] bit, [e] bait, [ɛ] bet, [æ] bat - ANSWER-front vowels
[ә] about, [ʌ] but, [a] cot - ANSWER-central vowels
[u] boot, [ʊ] book, [o] boat, [ɔ] caught - ANSWER-back vowels
, [i] beet, [ɪ] bit, [u] boot, [ʊ] book - ANSWER-high vowels
[e] bait, [ɛ] bet, [ә] about, [ʌ] but, [o] boat, [ɔ] bought - ANSWER-mid vowels
[æ] bat , [ɑ] cot - ANSWER-low vowels
Muscles tensed/tighter [i] [e] [u] [o] [a] - ANSWER-tense vowels
Muscles a bit more relaxed [ɪ] [ɛ] [æ] [ʌ] [ә] [ʊ] [ɔ] - ANSWER-lax vowels
[ә] about, [ʌ] but, [a] cot, [i] beet, [ɪ] bit, [e] bait, [ɛ] bet, [æ] bat - ANSWER-unrounded
vowels
[u], [ʊ], [o], [ɔ] - ANSWER-rounded vowels
These vowel sounds are different than the sounds in beet or bet; they combine two
vowels (i.e. [ɑʊ] (house), [ɔɪ] (boy), [ɑɪ] eye) - ANSWER-dipthong vowels
Groups of sounds can be identified by sharing distinctive features - ANSWER-natural
classes
The inventory of sounds in your language - ANSWER-phonetics
The sound patterns in your language, what sequences are possible - ANSWER-
phonology
How to build good PHRASES and SENTENCES - ANSWER-syntax
-what you know in your mind (what you think)
-what you CAN do
-systematic - ANSWER-linguistic competence
-what actually comes out of your mouth
-what you DO do
-subject to physical limitations such as breath, fatigue, nerves, etc. - ANSWER-linguistic
performance
-linguist's description or model of the mental grammar
-what speaker's rules actually are
-speaker's grammar
-linguist's grammar - ANSWER-descriptive grammar
-rules of grammar (often based on Latin) used by teachers
-what speaker's rules should be
-can you think of some of these rules?
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