ESSENTIAL MICROBIOLOGY FINAL EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
ESSENTIAL MICROBIOLOGY FINAL EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
ESSENTIAL MICROBIOLOGY FINAL EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
Stuvia.com ESSEN TIAL MICROBIOLOGY FINAL EXAM PRACTICE QUESTION S AND VERIFIED ANSWERS What various functions do proteins have in a cell Proteins may facilitate the movement of materials in or out of a cell. Some can act as enzymes that catalyze, or speed up, biochemical processes. Others play a structural role while other proteins, such as filaments, enable movement. What are the main morphologies of bacteria? Bacteria can be described as coccus (round/spherical), bacillus (rod), vibrio (curved rod) spirillum (spiral/corkscrew). What are the 4 main classifications of Eukarya Animalia, Plantae, Fungi or Protista What are the primary cellular organelles described in this module? Be sure to know the roles of each. Ribosomes (protein synthesis) ER (site of protein synthesis) Golgi (protein modification and distribution) lysosomes (waste disposal), mitochondria (ATP generation) chloroplasts (plants only; site of photosynthesis). True or False: Enzymes are polysaccharides that catalyze chemical reactions. False. Enzymes are proteins Stuvia.com What are usually metal ions known to assists enzyme during the catalysis reaction? Cofactors Define catabolism the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms, release of energy Upon cellular injury, which metabolic process is involved during the growth and repair phases of the cell? The anabolic process would be active as it is involved in the building up of small complexes into la rger complexes. Describe the energy transfer process relative to both ATP and ADP. ATP has the energy (phosphate group) to donate while ADP can accept energy in the form of a phosphate group. Thus, ATP can be reduced (ATP →ADP + Pi) while ADP can be built into ATP (ADP + Pi →ATP). An organism that derives its energy (generates ATP) from photons of light is called a Phototrophic microorganism. An organism that derives its energy by removing electrons from elemental sulfur would be classified as a ? Lithotroph A reactive intermediate would be present in which phosphorylation process? The chemical compound losing the phosphate group is referred to as the phosphorylated reactive intermediate. What is the primary byproduct of the TCA cycle? NADH and FADH2 True or False. The reactants of the TCA cycle directly enter and fuel the electron transport system. False. Stuvia.com True or False. The β -oxidation pathway catabolizes the fatty acid chains of lipids. True The process of carbon fixation begins with which of the following reactants: select all that apply. A. ATP B. Glyceraldehyde -3-phosphate C. CO2 D. NADPH E. H2O A, C, D, and E. Carbon fixation uses the ATP/NADPH produced during light reactions to convert CO2 and H2O into useful sources of energy (carbohydrates). What is one of the main functions of light reactions? Similar to the electron transport chain, one of its main functions is to generate a proton concentration gradient to generate ATP. True or False: Dark reactions can occur in the presence or absence of light. True. How many turns (or repititions) of the Calvin Cycle are required to generate one molecule of glucose? 6 Complete the following equation by placing the appropriate numbers where indicated. CO2 + ATP + NADPH + H20 → C6H12O6 + ADP + NADP+ 6 CO2 + 18 ATP + 12 NADPH + 12 H20 → C6H12O6 + 18 ADP + 12 NADP+ Match the following reactions to its corresponding enzyme: 1. A + B → A-B 2. A-B → A + B 3. A- + B →A + B- 4. Ab + C → A + Cb A- Lyases B- Transferases Stuvia.com C- Oxioreductaces D- Hydrolases E- Ligases F- Isomerases 1E 1. A + B → A -B Ligases 2A 2. A-B → A + B Lyases 3C 3. A— + B → A + B— Oxioreductaces 4B 4. Ab + C → A + Cb Transferases A micrometer is defined as 10-6 (one millionth of a meter) True or False: A nanometer is longer than a micrometer. False. A nanometer is 1,000 times smaller than a micrometer. Resolution and contrast are two critical factors that influence your ability to see an object. Explain each. Resolution refers to the distance between two objects at which the objects still can be seen as separate. Poor or low resolution means objects may appear as one. Contrast is the difference in light absorbance between two objects. Poor contrast gives a high background and makes the visualization of multiple objects difficult. What is the total magnification (relative to your eye) of a sample imaged with a 20x objective and a 15x eyepiece? Show your math. 20 x 15 = 300x magnification True or False: A cell that is adherent, flat (thin) and unstained is easily identified using bright field microscopy. False.
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