100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Summary CC1-Carbohydrates $5.80
Add to cart

Summary

Summary CC1-Carbohydrates

 3 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Institution

All the content needed to know about carbohydrates on the Eduqas A level Biology specification

Preview 1 out of 4  pages

  • February 22, 2024
  • 4
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary
avatar-seller
Carbohydrates
Cue Notes
Glossary  Monomer: A single repeating unit of a polymer.
 Polymer: A large molecule comprising of repeating units, monomers, bonded together.
 Condensation reaction: A reaction where 2 molecules bond together to form a larger
molecule with the elimination of a water molecule.
 Alpha glucose: An isomer of glucose with the first -OH facing the opposite direction to the
CH2OH
 Beta glucose: An isomer of glucose with the first -OH facing the same direction to the
CH2OH
 Isomer: Molecules that have the same chemical formula but have a different arrangement.
 1-4 glycosidic bond: A bond between the C1 on the first monomer and C4 on the second
monomer.
 1-6 glycosidic bond: A cross link bond between C1 on one molecule and C6 on another
(creating a branch)
 Disaccharide: 2 monosaccharide molecules bonded together with a glycosidic bond.
 Polysaccharide: Large molecules with many monomer linked with glycosidic bonds.
 Amylose: A form of starch (with only alpha-glucose): a linear unbranched polysaccharide
containing only 1-4 glycosidic bonds which coils into a helix
 Amylopectin: A form of starch (with only alpha-glucose): the same as amylose but has 1-6
glycosidic bonds which form branches every 24-30 glucose molecules.
 Glycogen: The main storage product in animals: the same as amylopectin but the 1-6 bonds
are every 8-10 glucose molecules, more branched.
 Cellulose: A structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls.
 Chitin: A structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of insects and fungi cell walls.
 Microfibrils: Parallel chains of cellulose molecules cross linked with H-bonds to form a
bundle.


Alpha vs Beta glucose Glucose exists in both straight chain and ring form, with rings forming when glucose is dissolved in
water




Formations of Disaccharides




Benedict’s test for sugar  Tests for reducing sugars (those that donate an electron to copper (||) ions in copper
sulphate solution [blue] to turn it to copper(|) ions [brick red])
1. Equal volumes of benedict’s solution and test solution heated to 70 oC
2. If reducing sugar is present solution will change colour blue(negative) green(V low)
yellow (low)orange(medium) red (high){precipitate}. Qualitative test.
 If it’s a non-reducing sugar then it needs to be broken down with HCl+ heat, then an alkali is
added for pH>7. If it changes colour then a non-reducing sugar was initially present.
 Enzymes could also be used to break down disaccharides or a bio sensor could be used to
precisely measure the concentrations, useful for diabetes.

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller joshflanagan. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $5.80. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

53022 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$5.80
  • (0)
Add to cart
Added