Contains a summary of all required articles, chapters from the book and lecture and working group notes to prepare well for the exam MWB (7203BA13XY) for academic year .
Motivation and Work Behavior
Samenvatting Tentamen 27 november 2017 +
Samenvatting Tentamen 29 januari 2018
Specialisatie Arbeids- en Organisatiepsychologie Universiteit van Amsterdam
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,30–10–2017 Lecture Notes – Introduction to motivation (L1)
Jessie Koen
Brigitte ten Brink
Productivity
Productivity = a country’s economic situation/prosperity is determined mainly by its
productivity
=> the amount of work people do divided by the amount of time they spend on it
Performance = Motivation x Ability
Motivation
Motivation (Atkinson, 1964) = The cotemporary (immediate) influence on direction, vigor,
and persistence of action
Motivation (Vroom, 1964) = A process governing choice made by persons … among
alternatives of voluntary activity
The set of forces that cause people to behave in certain ways
Motivation (Pinder, 2008, p.71) = Motivation is a set of energetic forces that originate both
within as well as beyond the individual’s being, to initiate work related behaviour, and to
determine its form, direction, intensity, and duration
Overview Lectures
PART A
L1 : Introduction Jessie Koen & Brigitte ten Brink
L2 : Money & Motivation Jessie Koen
L3 : Rewards & Punishment Jessie Koen
L4 : Goals & Motivation I Jessie Koen & guest speaker Nico Versteeg
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, PART B
L5 : Goals & Motivation II Jessie Koen
L6 : Equity & Justice Seval Gündemir
L7 : Work Design Jessie Koen
L8 : Satisfaction & Performance Jessie Koen & guest speaker Frank de Lange
L9 : Turnover & Commitment Seval Gündemir
L10 : Symposium
History of the major theories
Biology / Instinct
Instinct = the inherent disposition of a living organism toward a particular behaviour.
They’re unlearned, inherited fixed actions patterns of responses or reactions to certain
kinds of stimuli
Behaviourism / Reinforcement
Law of effect – reinforcement occurs when an event following a response causes an
increase in the probability of that response occurring in the future
Scientific Management (Taylorism)
Scientific management = a theory of management that analyses and synthesis
workflow processes, improving labour productivity (pulls apart the job and gives
everyone one specific task – but people are not machines so it didn’t work for people)
Major principles
Gather information about the work (time and motion studies)
Give employees one specific task
Select and train employees for this task
Give employees money for performing the task properly
Redistribute the work foster democracy and cooperation between managers and
employees
Hawthorne studies
Ze wilden met een speciale interventie de productiviteit verhogen. Maar uiteindelijk
bleek de productiviteit niet door de interventie gestegen te zijn, maar door de aandacht
die ze aan de werknemers geven. Dus ze werden gemotiveerder door de aandacht (en
niet door wat hiervoor gedacht werd, bijvoorbeeld geld)
A short-term improvement caused by observing worker performance
Theory X vs Theory Y (McGregor)
Gaat niet over verschillende mensen, alleen over verschillende perspectieven waarop je
naar dezelfde mensen kunt kijken
Theory X =>
Employees are passive, lazy and do not want to work
Employees do not want responsibility
Employees must be controlled and monitored
Employees have no ambition
Theory Y =>
Employees are motivated to achieve their goals
Employees can direct themselves
Employees can and want to develop
Employees view working as part of their lives
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