Summary
Samenvatting Inleiding Celbiologie
- Course
- Institution
Complete samenvatting Inleiding Celbiologie jaar 1 Life Sciences, bevat alle lesstof uitgebreid.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
lindecox
Reviews received
Content preview
Samenvatting inleiding Celbiologie,Inhoud
1. Pro- en eukaryoten................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Prokaryoten: bacteriën en archaea .............................................................................................. 4
Bacteriën ......................................................................................................................................... 4
Archaea ........................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Eukaryoten: Planten, dieren schimmels en protisten ................................................................... 5
Plantaardige vs. dierlijke cellen ...................................................................................................... 5
Schimmels ....................................................................................................................................... 6
Protisten .......................................................................................................................................... 6
1.3 Uni- en multicellulair..................................................................................................................... 6
1.4. Celgrootte .................................................................................................................................... 7
1.5 Virussen......................................................................................................................................... 7
Virale replicatie ............................................................................................................................... 8
2. Organellen ............................................................................................................................... 9
2.1 Biologische membranen ............................................................................................................... 9
2.2 Alle organellen in detail ................................................................................................................ 9
Nucleus (Kern) ............................................................................................................................... 10
Endoplasmatisch reticulum (ER) ................................................................................................... 10
Golgi apparatus ............................................................................................................................. 11
Lysosoom ...................................................................................................................................... 11
Vacuole.......................................................................................................................................... 11
Plasmamembraan ......................................................................................................................... 12
2.3 Cytoplasma en cytosol ................................................................................................................ 12
Cytoplasma.................................................................................................................................... 12
Cytosol........................................................................................................................................... 12
2.4 De endosymbiose theorie ........................................................................................................... 13
3. Celcylcus ................................................................................................................................ 14
3.1 Mitose ......................................................................................................................................... 14
3.2 Celdeling bij prokaryoten ............................................................................................................ 14
3.3 De celcyclus in verschillende fases ............................................................................................. 14
De G1-fase ..................................................................................................................................... 14
De G0-fase ..................................................................................................................................... 14
De S-fase ....................................................................................................................................... 14
De G2-fase ..................................................................................................................................... 14
De M-fase ...................................................................................................................................... 14
, 3.4 De mitotische fase in detail......................................................................................................... 15
3.5 Cytokinese in detail ..................................................................................................................... 17
3.6 Regulatie van de celcyclus; checkpoints ..................................................................................... 17
3.7 Korte intro Apoptose (zie H6) ..................................................................................................... 19
3.8 Stamcellen................................................................................................................................... 19
4. DNA ....................................................................................................................................... 20
4.1 DNA/RNA structuur ..................................................................................................................... 20
4.2 DNA replicatie proces ................................................................................................................. 23
Eind-replicatie probleem: telomeren ........................................................................................... 25
4.3 DNA organisatie .......................................................................................................................... 25
5. Oncologie............................................................................................................................... 26
5.1 Kenmerken tumorcellen ............................................................................................................. 26
5.2 Genetische veranderingen in tumoren ....................................................................................... 29
Mutaties ........................................................................................................................................ 29
Proto-oncogenen .......................................................................................................................... 29
Tumor suppressor genen .............................................................................................................. 30
5.3 Behandelmethoden .................................................................................................................... 32
6. Apoptose, necrose en autofagie.............................................................................................. 34
6.1 Apoptose; 2e keuze ..................................................................................................................... 34
Apoptotische routes...................................................................................................................... 34
6.2 Necrose; 3e keuze........................................................................................................................ 37
6.3 Autofagie; 1e keuze ..................................................................................................................... 38
7. HPV ....................................................................................................................................... 39
7.1 HPV infectie................................................................................................................................. 39
7.2 Tumorgenese .............................................................................................................................. 40
, 1. Pro- en eukaryoten
1.1 Prokaryoten: bacteriën en archaea
In de prokaryote cel ligt het DNA los in de cel; in de nucleoide. 1 circulair ‘chromosomaal’ DNA,
plasmiden: Losse circulaire DNA moleculen. Meestal haploïd (1 kopie van elk gen).
• Prokaryoten hebben een celwand (beschermd tegen uit elkaar barsten omdat ze eencellig
zijn)
• Ze hebben een minder goed ontwikkelt cytoskelet dan eukaryoten, maar het is wel aanwezig
• Ze hebben GEEN ORGANELLEN.
Figuur 1.1: Een prokaryote cel (1-10 micrometer)
Bacteriën
• Maar 1-5% van alle bacteriën is pathogeen (ziekteverwekkend)
• Essentieel voor overleven van de gastheer: bacteriën verteren een deel van ons voedsel en
maken nuttige stoffen zoals K en B12.
• Belangrijkste component celwand: peptidoglycaan (glycoproteïne)
• Gram-positief → sommige bacteriën hebben 1 membraan met de celwand aan de
binnenzijde
• Gram-negatief → anderen hebben 2 membranen met de celwand ertussen
Figuur 1.2: Celwand van bacteriën
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lindecox. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.03. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
72042 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now