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The Irish Question
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The relationship between Britain and Ireland between 1880 to 1915 including the issue of Home Rule
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IRELAND – From 1880 onwardsThe Land League
- Was founded in 1879 by Davit hen Ireland in economic crisis from Number of poor/ et harvests and
cheap grain from US
- It encouraged legal methods of protest such as such as protest meetngss brass bands and ithholding rents.
In some areas violence and strikes seen as ay of protest
- Aims = reform land tenure systems gain security for tenants and small holders and free sale for right of
occupancy
- Funded by money from the US and opened branches throughout Ireland
- Co-operated ith Home Rule Party (run by Parnell) through ‘Ne Departure’ a combinaton of mass
agitaton and protest in parliament
- Gladstone vie ed land league as something that needed sortng so set up the Bess borough commission in
June 1880 to investgate orkings of the Land Act (1870) vie ed it as a criminal conspiracy
Home Rule Party
- Home Government Associaton founded in 1870 by Isaac Buts eventually formed Home Rule League in 1873
hich as led by Parnell ho became leader of Home Rule Party in 1880
- Due to Ballot Act 1872 the Irish could vote clearly at the 1874 electon meaning more success for the Home
Rulers
- Used methods of Obstructonism hich started around 1875 they made long speeches on the Irish
Queston to deliberately aste parliaments tme aimed at annoying them and became party policy in 1880
- The Coercion Bill 1881 made it so that speeches had to end at a partcular point hich put an end to this
tactc
Gladstone’s second ministry 1880-85
Aims in Ireland in second ministry
- Sought to repress disorder ith policy of coercion and conciliaton
- Policy of conciliaton sought through introducing Home Rule Bill
- He didn’t intend to split the Liberal party
Laws
- Second Land Act 1881 granted farmers 3 F’s (fair rents fiity of tenures free sale)s many farmers benefted
and lost interest in land ar but violence in Ireland stll contnued government thought Parnell as
encouraging it. Value of landlords estates reduceds rent reductons
- Responded to violence through the Coercion Act 1881 police and magistrates had po er to arrest ithout
trial if suspected of involvement in illegal practces (Irish P’s obstructed parliament for 41 hours over this
mater
- Arrears Act 1882 Land Act beginning to ork so Arrears Act passed to clear the rent arrears of all farmers
that had built up during land ar Irish problem being to be resolved
Events
- Kilmainham Treaty 1882 Stll violence in Ireland and support for Parnell ho as currently in prison for
condoning the actons of the Land League. Gladstone sent Chamberlain to compromise ith him
government ould setle current arrears of rents of all tenants if Parnell denounced violence and ended rent
strikess as part of bargain Parnell released from prison ay 1882
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