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Summary IEB Physics definitions
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A short cheat sheet containing all IEB physics definitions that will be tested in exams!
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PHYSICS DEFINITIONS GRADE 121. Distance is the length of the path travelled.
2. Displacement is a change in position.
3. A vector is a physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction
Examples: displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, momentum, electric
field strength
4. A scalar quantity -a physical quantity that has magnitude only.
Examples: length, mass, time, temperature, distance, speed, work, power
5. Resultant vector is a single vector which results from adding two or more
other vectors.
6. Speed is the rate of change of distance.
7. Velocity is the rate of change of displacement.
Instantaneous velocity is the velocity of the object at a single instant in time.
This may or may not be the same as the average velocity over a longer time
interval
8. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.
9. Weight Fg is the gravitational force the Earth exerts on any object on or near
its surface
10. Normal force, FN, is the perpendicular force exerted by a surface on an
object in contact with it.
11. Frictional force due to a surface, Ff, is the force that opposes the motion of
an object and acts parallel to the surface with which the object is in contact
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, For an object at rest on a flat table, static friction is zero. If you push
horizontally with a small force, static friction establishes an equal and opposite
force that keeps the book at rest.
As you push harder, the static friction force increases to match the force.
Eventually maximum static friction force is exceeded and the book moves.
The maximum static friction force is: (fs)max = μs N where μs is the coefficient
of static friction.
Kinetic friction is a force that acts between moving surfaces. An object that
is being moved over a surface will experience a force in the opposite direction
as its movement. The magnitude of the force depends on the coefficient
of kinetic friction between the two kinds of material.
The maximum static friction force is: (ffk)max = μk N where μk is the coefficient
of kinetic friction.
12. Newton's First Law states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform
motion in a straight line unless acted upon by a net or unbalanced force.
13. Inertia - the property of an object that causes it to resist a change in its state
of rest or uniform motion.
14. Newton's second law: When a net force (Fnet) is applied to an object (of
mass) it accelerates in the direction of the net force. The acceleration (a) is
directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to the mass.
15. Newton's third law: When object A exerts a force on object B, object B
simultaneously exerts an oppositely directed force of equal magnitude on
object A.
Forces always act in pairs called action-reaction pairs.
(Action reaction pairs are equal in magnitude, act in opposite
directions, act on different objects, occur simultaneously, act
along the same line)
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