Exam (elaborations)
ARDMS Breast Registry Review Exam Questions and Answers
- Course
- Institution
ARDMS Breast Registry Review Exam Questions and Answers
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Victorious23
Reviews received
Content preview
ARDMS Breast Registry ReviewExam Questions and Answers
Artifact - -An echo feature present or absent in a sonographic image that
does not correspond to the presence or absence of a real structure. Eg.
enhancement or shadowing.
-Attenuation - -The reduction of intensity (and amplitude) of a sound wave
as it travels through a material. Attenuation is due to absorption, reflection,
and scattering.
-Complex - -A structure in the body that contains both cystic and solid
components.
-Echogenic - -A structure or medium that produces echoes.
-Edge Shadowing - -Decreased echo amplitude distal to the edge of a
structure. This artifact results from refraction of the sound beam.
-Enhancement - -Increased echo amplitude returning from regions lying
beyond an object that causes little or no attenuation of the sound beam
(typically a cystic structure). This artifact results in a brighter than normal
appearance.
-Heterogeneous - -A structure that has an uneven texture (hypoechoic and
hyperechoic echoes throughout). Synonym - non-uniform.
-Homogeneous - -Smooth uniform texture
-Ipsilateral - -On the same side.
-Contrlateral - -On the opposite side.
-Isoechoic - -Same echogenicity as another structure or the surrounding
tissue.
-Noise - -Spurious echoes throughout the image.
-Real-time - -The scanning and display of sonographic images at a
sufficiently rapid rate so that moving structures can be seen to move at their
natural rate. ***Frame rates of 15 frames per second or greater are
considered real time***
, -Reverberation - -Artifact causing linear echoes parallel to a strong
interface. Sound "bounces"
-Ring Down - -Reverb in which numerous parallel echoes are seen for a
considerable distance. E.g. a biopsy needle.
-Sensitivity - -The ability to diagnose disease in a patient when disease is
present.
-Texture - -The pattern of echoes seen from a mass or area of interest in
the body.
-Refractive Edge Shadowing - -Bending of a sound beam and loss of sound
energy causing a shadow.
-Mid level gray corresponds to _____ in the breast. - -Fat
-Hyperechoic describes what three structures visualized in breast
sonography. - -Fibroglandular tissue, Cooper's Ligament, Skin
-What frequency transducer is optimal for breast imaging? - -7.0-15.0 MHz
is optimal for superior axial and lateral resolution while maintaining
penetration to the chest wall. It should also be BROADBAND.
-Fixed elevation focusing represents.... - -Focusing along the short axis of
the transducer.
-What design of transducer is used in breast imaging? - -Linear array is
optimal
-The advantage of a rectangular image over a sector image is the avoidance
of what artifact? - -Beam divergence
-Interventional procedures are more accurately guided with a _______
__________ probe. - -Linear array
-When is a curved array transducer used in breast imaging? - -Pathology too
large to fit on linear image
-Most linear transducers in breast sonography are ______ arrays. - -1-D
-1-D arrays offer a fixed focus in the ________ plan (short axis) - -Elevation
-1.5-D matrix array transducers have multiple elements along the _____ axis
of the probe. - -Short
, -1.5-D arrays offer some electronic focusing in the __________ plane. - -
Elevation
-2-D array transducers are not currently _________. - -available
-Imaging depth should penetrate the chest wall-- ___ to ___ cm should be
adequate - -3, 6
-An echo's brightness is controlled by ______ - -gain
-Know overall gain, TGC, and output power - -This is ultrasound elementary.
-If your image is too bright decrease the ______________. - -Output power
-If your image is too dark increase the ____________. - -Receiver gain
-__________ focal zones are recommended for breast imaging. - -Multiple
-Multiple focal zones will decrease what? - -Frame rate
-a 7-12 MHz probe must be used to obtain an elevation focus depth of ____
to _____ cm. - -1,2
-10 MHz = _____ cm elevation plane focus - -1.5
-____________ (artifact) decreases contrast resolution and spatial resoution
(both axial and lateral). Places unwanted echoes in cysts. - -Volume
averaging
-_______ __________ is more sensitive to low velocity flow and offers angle
independence. - -Power Doppler
-Three reasons Doppler is useful: - -(1)Solid vs Cystic
(2)Inflammed vs Non-Inflammed
(3)Complicated Cyst vs Complex Cyst vs Intraductal Papilloma
-To optimize Doppler for breast imaging (4 things) - -(1) Low velocity scale
(2) Low filter setting
(3) Optimal Doppler gain setting
(4) Increased PRF for high velocities
-Uses compounding technique to combine ultrsound lines acquired from
different scanning directions (angles). Improves tissue differentiation, margin
visualization, and internal architecture creating a "smoother" more realistic
image. - -Spatial compounding
, -What are the advantages (2) and disadvantages (2) of spatial
compounding? - -Advantages:
-Clears cysts
-Reduces speckle and other noise artifacts (clutter)
Disadvantages
-Reduces acoustic enhancement and shadowing artifact
-Subject to blurring
-A diagnostic methof that evaluates the elastic properties of tissue. Breast
tissues vibrate differently based on their firmness. - -Elastography
-Breast elastography may have the potential to differentiate benign from
malignant breast tumors (BIRADS 3 from BIRADS 4 lesions) and potential
reduce the number of __________. - -Biopsies
-List the 6 anatomic layers from anterior to posterior. - -1. Skin
2. Subcutaneous aka Premammary Layer
3. Mammary Layer
4. Retromammary Space
5. Muscle Layers (Pectoralis major m, and Pectoralis minor m.)
6. Chest Wall (Ribs and Intercostal muscles)
-What is the normal thickness of the skin layer?**** - -0.5 to 2mm ****
-The breast skin is slightly thicker in ______ females and thins with ______. - -
young, age
-Area that consists of dense connective tissue and erectile muscle, contains
many sensory nerve endings, and has _________ collecting duct openings. - -
Nipple, 15-20
-The areola consists of _______ muscle. - -Smooth
-These sebaceous glands are found in the areola. - -Montgomery glands.
-The premammary layer primarily consists of ________. - -fat
-The premammary layer is not seen where? - -Posterior to the nipple.
-The amount of fat in the premammary layer increases with ______, _______,
and _______. - -Age, pregnancy, obesity.
-_________ __________ appear as prominent structures within the
subcutaneous (premammary) layer. - -Cooper's ligaments.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Victorious23. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $18.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
80202 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now