Introduction to Pharmacology & Physiology (LIFE106)
Class notes
Muscles - Lecture notes Introduction to Pharmacology & Physiology (LIFE106)
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Course
Introduction to Pharmacology & Physiology (LIFE106)
Institution
The University Of Liverpool (UoL)
This set of notes are apart of a larger collection which is detailed more below, for this session the following was covered:
1) Action Potential
2) Introduction to Muscles
3) Mechanisms of Activation
4) Cardiac Muscles
5) Muscle Binding
Introduction to Pharmacology & Physiology covering t...
Introduction to Pharmacology & Physiology (LIFE106)
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Intro to Pharmacology
Topic - Muscles
Action Potential:
Potassium is always aiming to get to negative -90, the above diagram explains the key parts of
the process very well.
Different Action Potentials:
Why is action potential different for cardiac cells?
a) Relaxation phase needed, time needed for blood to fill up the heart.
Types of Muscles:
a) Skeletal
i) Voluntary contraction
1) Attached to bones or (some facial muscles) to skin.
2) No presence of gap junctions
b) Cardiac
i) Involuntary contraction
1) You can control little aspects, especially if high performance athlete
(a) Walls of the heart
c) Smooth
i) Single unit muscle in walls of hollow visceral organs; multiunit muscle in intrinsic
eye muscles, airways and large arteries.
ii) Presence of Gap Junctions
The most important source for muscles is Calcium, for muscle contraction it is important.
Contract of the Whole Muscle: Contractions of a whole muscle show variations in the
development of tension. For example, the same that can lift a potato chip can also lift a six pack
of soda. Activating different groups, different muscle fibres.
, Smooth Muscles - Phasic Smooth are controlled by the action potentials such as Uterine and GI
Tract. Tonic smooth muscles are controlled by electrical, chemical and mechanical signs.
Phasis Smooth Muscles:
Peristalsis in the digestive tract moves food along, think about this in relation to squeezing out
toothpaste from an almost empty packet.
Tonic Smooth Muscles:
Blood Vessels & Airways, Important the airways maintain tone to avoid collapse such as the
alveoli, the muscle is therefore important.
Mechanisms of Activation
Skeletal Muscles are controlled by Motor Units
Sarcolemma is a membrane in individual cells that contain the Myofibrils. Examples are given
on Canvas which are visual aids.
Twitch Muscle Fast vs Slow
a) Fast Twitch - Fire Rapid, Big Burst of Energy however negative is quicker fatigue, great
for sprinters.
b) Slow Twitch - Uses oxygen for fuel, provides continuous energy, offers extended muscle
contraction, fires slowly, has high endurance and great for marathoners.
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