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Summary Social Psychology Chapter 4

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Summary Social Psychology Chapter 4 - IBP

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  • October 2, 2018
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  • 2017/2018
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Social Psychology – Chapter 4 – The Self

Self-Presentatonn Managing the Self in Diferent Social Contexts

Social capital – the number of social tes each person has to others; typically, these are
connectons to people that can dra on for nno ledge, or other social goods

Self-Presentaton Tactcs

Self-promotoo – attemptng to present ourselves to others as having positve attributes

Self-verificatoo perspectve – theory that addresses the process by hich e lead others to
agree ith our vie s of ourselves; antng others to agree ith ho e see ourselves
 Even if it means potentally receiving informaton that is negatve about ourselves,
e may stll ish to have other people see us as ourselves
 Researchn e prefer being ith people ho verify our vie s about ourselves

Iogratatoo – hen e try to mane others line us by conveying that e line them, praising
others to flatter them

Self-deprecatog – putting ourselves do n or implying that e are not as good as somebody
else

Sometmes e´re less honest ith other people, and this is ofen re arded ith greater
popularity. Online e may present ourselves in terms of our “ideal” rather than “actual” self

Self-Kno ledgen Determining Who We Are

Introspectonn Looning In ard to Discover the Causes of Our O n Behavior

Iotrospectoo- to privately contemplate “ ho e are”. It is a method for attemptng to gain
self-nno ledge
 Can be Rather misleading
 Researchn e don´t al ays nno the reasons for our actons  generatng reasons
can lead to false conclusions
 Researchn afer introspectng about reasons for feelings  people changed their
attitudes (temporarily) to match their stated reasons (can lead to regrettable
inferences and choices)
 When not in specifc circumstances  unable to accurately predict ho e ould
respond hen e are in these circumstances (both negatve and positve future
circumstances)
 Personal spending is unrelated to happiness; but spending on others predicts great
happiness (true for any income)  ho e choose to spend money is more
important for happiness than ho much money e mane
 e ofen don´t nno ho events ill afect us and simply introspectng about it ill not
help

, The Self from the Other´s Standpoint

Observers focus their attenton directly on the actors and tend to attribute more
dispositonal causes for behavior (described in dispositonalltrait terms)

Gaining Accurate Self-Knowledge
 When trying to learn about the self from the vantage point of another  e´re more
linely to see ourselves as observes do – in terms of consistent behavioral tendencies
 Accuracy depends on hat e introspect aboutn
o hen behavior in queston is actually based on a conscious decision-maning
process  accurate self-judgment
o hen failing to tane into account factors that influence ho e feel 
introspecton inaccurate

Who Am I?n Personal versus Social Identty

Social ideottt theort – addresses ho e respond hen our group identty is salient.
Suggests that e move closer to positve others ith hom e share an identty but
distance from other intergroup members ho perform poorly or other ise mane our social
identty negatve
 depends on here e are on then
persooal-versus-social ideottt cootouum – at the personal level, the self is thought of as a
unique individual, hereas at the social identty level, the self is seen as a member of group

Salieoce – hen someone or some object stands out from its bacnground or is the focus of
attenton (afects ho e perceive ourselves and respond to others)

When the personal identty is salient  e thinn of ourselves as unique individuals, resultng
in self-descriptons and an emphasis ho e difer from others
 Personal identty self-descripton can be thought of asn
o Iotragroup comparisoo – judgements that result from comparison bet een
individuals ho are members of the same group

When the social identty is salient  e perceive us as members of a group and emphasize
hat e share ith them
 Descriptons of the self at the social identty leveln
o Iotergroup comparisoo – judgements that result from comparison bet een
our group and another group – they involve contrast bet een groups

 content of self-descripton hen thinning of oneself as an individual is diferent from
hen thinning of oneself as member of a category to share ith others


Who I Thinn I Am Depends on the Social Context

Self-descriptons

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