OpenStax Microbiology Chapter 6
Tobacco mosaic virus - ANSfirst virus discovered, plants that are infected by this are discolored
virus - ANSA tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell.
Bacteriophage - ANSA virus that infects bacteria
Atadenovirus - ANSuses spikes made of glycoproteins from its capsid to bind to host cells.
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - ANSAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is
caused by HIV, which damages the cells in the body's immune system by using spikes made of
glycoproteins embedded in its envelope to bind to host cells.
helical capsid - ANSRod-shaped capsomeres that form a continuous helix around the nucleic
acid
polyhedral capsid - ANSmany-sided, and one of the most common polyhedral capsid shapes is
the icosahedron
complex capsid - ANSbacteriophages may have a protein coat composed of both helical and
polyhedral capsids
How do phages reproduce? - ANS- phages reproduce through the lytic cycle by injecting their
genetic information into host cell, and then more phages are made within from the injected
material
prophage - ANSA phage genome that has been inserted into a specific site on the bacterial
chromosome.
specialized transduction - ANSspecific bacterial genes are packaged inside a phage and
transferred to a recipient cell
influenza virus infection - ANSviral glycoproteins attach the virus to a host epithelial cell. As a
result, the virus is engulfed. Viral RNA and viral proteins are made and assembled into new
virions that are released by budding.
+ssRNA - ANScan be directly read by the ribosomes to synthesize viral proteins.
-ssRNA - ANSmust first use the −ssRNA as a template for the synthesis of +ssRNA before viral
proteins can be synthesized.
Tobacco mosaic virus - ANSfirst virus discovered, plants that are infected by this are discolored
virus - ANSA tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell.
Bacteriophage - ANSA virus that infects bacteria
Atadenovirus - ANSuses spikes made of glycoproteins from its capsid to bind to host cells.
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - ANSAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is
caused by HIV, which damages the cells in the body's immune system by using spikes made of
glycoproteins embedded in its envelope to bind to host cells.
helical capsid - ANSRod-shaped capsomeres that form a continuous helix around the nucleic
acid
polyhedral capsid - ANSmany-sided, and one of the most common polyhedral capsid shapes is
the icosahedron
complex capsid - ANSbacteriophages may have a protein coat composed of both helical and
polyhedral capsids
How do phages reproduce? - ANS- phages reproduce through the lytic cycle by injecting their
genetic information into host cell, and then more phages are made within from the injected
material
prophage - ANSA phage genome that has been inserted into a specific site on the bacterial
chromosome.
specialized transduction - ANSspecific bacterial genes are packaged inside a phage and
transferred to a recipient cell
influenza virus infection - ANSviral glycoproteins attach the virus to a host epithelial cell. As a
result, the virus is engulfed. Viral RNA and viral proteins are made and assembled into new
virions that are released by budding.
+ssRNA - ANScan be directly read by the ribosomes to synthesize viral proteins.
-ssRNA - ANSmust first use the −ssRNA as a template for the synthesis of +ssRNA before viral
proteins can be synthesized.
