The Ultimate MCAT Flashcard Set Exam Questions with Correct Answers

(III) Differences between the right and left ventricle of the heart - Answer-Right ventricle: feeds pulmonary circulation; generates less force and faces less resistance (bc circulation is much shorter) Left ventricle: feeds systemic circulation, generates more force and faces more resistance (bc longer circulation) (III) In an electric field (such as one that would be used in SDS PAGE), what charges are the anodes and cathodes? - Answer-Anode: positively charged Cathode: negatively charged (III) What is mutarotation? - Answer-The initial opening and subsequent closing of a cyclic hemiacetal chain, resulting in a mixture of anomers (alpha and beta) (III) What is the difference between (d)- and D- configurations in stereochemistry? - Answer-(d)- means dextrorotatory. D- refers to a molecule with a chiral carbon similar to D-glyceraldehyde (which is actually levorotatory) (III) What is a vector? - Answer-The sum of all displacements (III) What is the essence of the continuity equation (in laminar flow)? - Answer-While velocity of fluid at a more narrow point (smaller cross-sectional area) is greater than at wider points, the volume displaced per given time is always the same (III) Why does it matter whether a pipe is open or closed when understanding sound harmonics? - Answer-If a pipe has one closed end, then only odd harmonics can exist (III) How does one calculate efficiency? - Answer-(load x load distance) / (effort x effort distance) Work output / Work input (III) What is Benedict's reagent? - Answer-A common reagent used to test for reducing sugars (sugars with hemiacetal groups) (III) How do we number a sugar chain that forms rings? - Answer-Number them in the direction from left to right in the planar structure, right to left in the chair conformation (from the nucleophilic substituent to the carbonyl carbon) (III) When an enzyme is saturated with substrate, what effect does adding more substrate do? - Answer-No significant effect