100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
{]th-iIw þ tPmm-Y³ enhn-Mv̬ F¶ ISÂIm¡ Ata-cn-¡³ Fgp-¯p-Im-c-mb dn¨mÀUv _m¡nsâ {]kn² IrXn-bmWv ‘tPmm-Y³ enhn-Mv̬ F¶ ISÂIm-¡.’ ISÂIm -¡ -IÄ Iq«-am-bmWv Xma-kn-¡p - I, AhÀ¡ v Hcp Xe-hp-­m -Ipw. ]mc-¼ -cy-¯n hniz-kn-¨pv PohnXw apt¶m -«p-s $7.99   Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. Fifth Year / 11th Grade
  4.  
  5. Humanities

Class notes

{]th-iIw þ tPmm-Y³ enhn-Mv̬ F¶ ISÂIm¡ Ata-cn-¡³ Fgp-¯p-Im-c-mb dn¨mÀUv _m¡nsâ {]kn² IrXn-bmWv ‘tPmm-Y³ enhn-Mv̬ F¶ ISÂIm-¡.’ ISÂIm -¡ -IÄ Iq«-am-bmWv Xma-kn-¡p - I, AhÀ¡ v Hcp Xe-hp-­m -Ipw. ]mc-¼ -cy-¯n hniz-kn-¨pv PohnXw apt¶m -«p-s
 1 view  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Humanities
  • Institution
  • Fifth Year / 11th Grade

{]th-iIw þ tPmm-Y³ enhn-Mv̬ F¶ ISÂIm¡ Ata-cn-¡³ Fgp-¯p-Im-c-mb dn¨mÀUv _m¡nsâ {]kn² IrXn-bmWv ‘tPmm-Y³ enhn-Mv̬ F¶ ISÂIm-¡.’ ISÂIm -¡ -IÄ Iq«-am-bmWv Xma-kn-¡p - I, AhÀ¡ v Hcp Xe-hp-­m -Ipw. ]mc-¼ -cy-¯n hniz-kn-¨pv PohnXw apt¶m -«p-sIm - ­p-t]m -Ip-...

[Show more]

Preview 3 out of 19  pages

Document information

  • February 26, 2024
  • 19
  • 2023/2024
  • Class notes
  • Prof
  • All classes

Subjects

  • jajjkksknanmama
  • kkskksk
  • kkkkakakak
  • mkamama
  • mm

Written for

  • Secondary school
  • Humanities
  • 1
All documents for this subject (8)

Seller

avatar-seller
fadhildilu

Content preview

H¶mw hÀj lbÀsk-¡-­dn ae-bmfw
]T-\-¡p-dn-¸p-IÄ




Bcym kptc-{µ³ BÀ
kn. F¨v. Fw. F¨v. Fkv. Fkv.
]qs¡m-f-¯qÀ




1

, bqWnäv 1

In\mhv
{]th-iIw þ tPm\m-Y³ enhn-Mv̬ F¶ ISÂIm¡

Ata-cn-¡³ Fgp-¯p-Im-c-\mb dn¨mÀUv _m¡nsâ {]kn² IrXn-bmWv
‘tPm\m-Y³ enhn-Mv̬ F¶ ISÂIm-¡.’ ISÂIm-¡-IÄ Iq«-am-bmWv Xma-kn-¡p-
I, AhÀ¡v Hcp Xe-h\p-­m-Ipw. ]mc-¼-cy-¯n hniz-kn-¨pv PohnXw apt¶m-«p-sIm-
­p-t]m-Ip-¶-h-cm-W-hÀ. AXm-W-h-cpsS \nb-aw. F¶m AXn \n¶w hyXy-kvX-
\m-bn-cp¶p tPm\m-Y³. IqSp-X Db-c-¯n ]d¶v IqSp-X Zqcw Xm­m³ Ah³
B{K-ln-¨p. CXn-t\mSv aäpÅ ISÂIm-¡-IÄ¡v tbmPn-¡m-\m-bn-Ã. AhÀ ]mc-¼cy
\ntj[w CjvS-s¸-«n-cp-¶n-Ã. AXn-s\-Xnsc Dd¨ Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-¯p-sIm­v ià-ambn
t]mcm-Sm³ tPm\m-Y³ {ian-¨p. Ahsâ a\-Êp-\n-dsb DbÀ¶p ]d-¡p¶ kz]v\-am-bn-
cp-¶p. B kz]v\-km-£m-Xv¡m-c-¯n-\pÅ amÀ¤w Ah³ sXc-sª-Sp-¯p. \ap-t¡m-
tcm-cp-¯À¡pw \½psS Ign-hp-IÄ Xncn-¨-dnªv apt¶-dm-\pÅ Icp¯pw Xsâ-S-hp-ap-
­m-IWw. AXn\v \nc-´c ]cn-{iaw Bh-iy-am-Wv. A¯-c-¯n t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡p¶
hnPbw aäp-Å-hÀ¡v {]tNm-Z-\-am-Ipw. tPm\m-Ysâ IY AXmWv \s½ HmÀ½n-¸n-¡p-
¶Xpv. {]Xn-k-Ôn-I-sfbpw {]iv\-§-sfbpw XcWw sN¿p-¶-h-cmWv PohnXhnPbw
t\Sp-¶Xpw aäp-Å-hÀ¡v amXr-I-bm-hp-¶Xpw. A¯cw amXr-I-I-fm-Im³ Htcm-cp-¯cpw
]cn-{i-an-¡p-I. amäw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.


]mTw 1 kµÀi\w þ _me-N-{µ³ NpÅn-¡mSv
]mT-kw-{Klw
_me-N-{µ³ NpÅn-¡m-Snsâ A\-izcamb {]W-b-Im-hy-amWv kµÀi-\w. \jvS-
{]-Wb¯nsâ thZ-\bpw s\m¼-chpw kµÀi-\-¯n ImWmw. hfsc \mfp-IÄ¡p
tijw kµÀi-IÀ¡pÅ apdn-bn h¨p I­p-ap-«pt¼mÄ ‘au\w IpSn-bn-cn-¡p¶p’
c­p-t]cpw AhÀ¡v ]c-kv]cw an­m-\m-Ip-¶n-Ã. _Ô-¯nsâ XIÀ¨-bpsS AS-bm-f-
amWv \ni-_vZ-Xbpw au\-hp-sa-Ãmw. Ihn-bpsS HmÀ½-I-fn {]Wb Ime-L«w IS-¶p-
h-cp-¶p. B Ime-L-«s¯ AXoh kpµ-c-am-bn-«mWv Ihn-X-bn Ah-X-cn-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-
Xv. s]m³ sN¼Iw ]q¯ Icfpw \ndsb kwKo-X-apÅ \nizm-khpw Np­nse Ihn-
X-bp-saÃmw AXn-\p-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv. F¶m BPo-h-\m´w \jvS-s¸-«p. sN¼Iw
Icn-ªp, IhnX hc­p. ]d-bm-\m-hm-XX s\m¼cw sXm­-bn KZvK-Z-ambn amdn.
B thZ-\-sbÃmw Ihn-X-bn Xsâ Imap-Insb I­p-ap-«m-\pÅ B{K-l-¯n-te-s¡-
¯n-¨-Xv.
HmÀ½-I-fpsS alm-km-K-c-¯n-eqsS a\-Ên-s\- ]m-bn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. hnZq-c-X-bn-em-
sW-¦nepw HmÀ½-IÄ sXfn-bp-¶p. Xsâ {]W-bn-\n-bpsS ssaem-©n-b-Wn¨ at\m-l-c-
amb hnc-ep-I-fn sXmSp-t¼mÄ Bbncw In\m-hp-IÄ hnSÀ¶-Xpw, Ah-fpsS at\m-l-c-
amb Bscbpw BIÀjn-¡p¶ IrjvW-Im´ IÃp-t]m-se-bpÅ I®p-I-fpsS t\m«-ta-ä-
t¸mÄ Xsâ a\-Ênse NnÃp-IÄ ]q¯-Xpw, Ah-fpsS kman-]yw Xsâ lrZ-bm-Im-i-
¯n Ip¦paw hmcnhnX-dn-b-Xp-saÃw ad-¶p-t]m-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. Ah Hmtcm-¶mbn HmÀ½-
bn-te-s¡-¯p-t¼mÄ Xm³ A\p-`-hn-¡p¶ B\-µ-\nÀhrXn Ahm-Ny-am-Wv.
C¯cw HmÀ½-IÄ (\-jvS-h-k-´-§Ä) a\-Ên-s\¶pw BËm-Z-t¯-¡mÄ thZ-\-
bmWv k½m-\n-¡p-¶-Xv. B thZ-\-bn \n¶pw c£-s¸Sm³ Xnc-t¡-dnb \K-c-Po-hn-


2

, X-¯n-te¡v amdp-¶Xv. aZy-]m-\¯nt\m, \nXy-{]-bm-W-§Ät¡m, k{X-§Äs¡m
H¶pw Xs¶ a\-Êns\ im´-am-¡m³ klm-bn-¨n-Ã. AXn-t¸mgpw km´z-\-ambn
Xs¶-te-s¡-¯n-bXv Ah-fpsS A\-iz-c-amb apJ-am-bn-cp-¶p. P·m-´-c-ambn km´z-\-
ambn AXv amdn F¶À°-KÀ`-ambn Ihn Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p¶p. AXn-eqsS F{X ]hn-
{Xhpw BßmÀ°-hp-am-bn-cp-¶p B {]W-b-sa-¶Xv hyà-amb am\-kn-I-am-b, Bßo-
b-amb ]cn]mh-\X B {]W-b-¯n-ep-­v. {]W-bn-¡m³ I¬ap-¶n hyàn thW-sa-
¶nà Fs¶mcp [z\nbpw Ihn \ÂIp-¶p-­v.
\µn sNmÃn-¸n-cn-bm³ Ihn CjvS-s¸-Sm-¯Xv Ic-¨n-ensâ Agn-apJw ImWm-Xn-cn-
bv¡m³ th­n-bm-Wv. \Znbpw ISepw IqSn-t¨-cp-¶-Xm-WtÃm Agn-ap-Jw. hnclw
c­p-t]À¡w Zp:Jap-­m-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. {]W-bn-\n-sb-¡p-dn¨v IqSp-XÂ hnhc-W-§-sfm-
¶p-an-sÃ-¦nepw ]t­ ]ncn-ª-h-cm-sW¶v ]d-ª-Xn-\m C\n-sbmcp IqSn-t¨-c-en\v
km[y-X-bnsà F¶v A\p-am-\n-bv¡mw. Cu Ihn-X-bpsS Bhn-jvI-cW khn-ti-jX þ
`qX-hÀ¯-am-\-§-fn-eq-sS-bmWv IhnX Ah-X-cn-¸n-¨n-«p-Å-Xv.


HmÀ½bpsS Rc¼v
sI. BÀ. aoc
B[p-\nI kmln-Xy-Im-cn {]i-kvX-bmb Fgp-¯p-Im-cn-bmWv sI. BÀ. aoc.
sI. BÀ. aoc-bpsS Gsd {i²n-¡-s¸« cN-\-bmWv ‘HmÀ½-bpsS Rc¼v’. Xe-ap-d-IÄ
t`Z-an-ÃmsX kv{XoIÄ t\cn-Sp¶ ]pcp-jm-[n-jvTnX IpSpw_ hyh-Øn-Xn-bpsS
t\À¡pÅ ià-amb {]Xn-tj-[-am-bmWv Cu IY. Hcp hr²-bpsS HmÀ½-I-fn-eq-sS-
bmWv IYm kµÀ`w hnI-kn-¡p-¶-Xv. \h-h-[p-hmb s]¬Ip-«nbpw hr²bpw {]mb-
¯nepw A`n-cp-Nn-bnepw A´-c-ap-Å-h-cm-Wv. hr²sb CuÀjy-tbmsS t\m¡n
ImWp¶ bphXn Ah-cpsS Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-§-fn BIr-jvS-bm-hp-Ibpw PnÚm-k-tbm-
sS, ImtXmÀ¡p-¶Xpw IY-bpsS Hmtcm L«¯nepw \mw A\p-`-hn-¨-dn-bp-¶p. ]gw-]p-
cm-Ww, kuc-`yw, kzmX-{´yw, IY F¶o hm¡p-IÄ D¨-cn-bv¡p-t¼mÄ sh¸p-]-Ãp-IÄ
D´n-h-cp-¶Xv s]¬Ip-«n-bn aSp¸v Df-hm-¡n-bn-cp-¶p. {ItaW AXv amdp¶
ImgvNbpw \mw ImWp-¶p.
hr² Xsâ HmÀ½-I-fn alm-Ihn hÅ-t¯mÄ kzmX-{´y-k-a-c-hp-ambn _Ô-
s¸«v h¶-t¸mÄ IhnX sNmÃn-b-t¸mÄ Xs¶ {]iw-kn-¨-Xv Bßm-`n-am-\-t¯msS
HmÀ¡p-¶p. AXp-I­v Xs¶ -hn-hmlw Btem-Nn¨XmWv `À¯m-hv, hnhm-lm-\-´cw
Pohn-X-¯n Xsâ B{K-l-¯n-\-\p-k-cn¨v Pohn-¡m³ Ign-bmsXt]mb \ncmi Ah-
cpsS hm¡p-I-fn [z\n-bv¡p-¶p. s]®m-bm tNmdpw Idow hbv¡Ww s]dWw’.
A½m-bn-b-½-bpsS ImgvN-¸mSv tI«-t¸mÄ s]¬Ip-«n-bpsS AI¨ amdp-Ibpw
hr²sb Adn-bm-\pÅ BImw-£bp­mhp-Ibpw sNbvXp. kz´w a¡Ä¡v CjvS-
apÅ t]cn-Sm\pw UÂln ImWm³ ]äm-¯-Xn-sâ k¦-Shpw hr² ]dªp tI«-t¸mÄ
tIc-f-¯nse bmYm-Øn-Xn-Ihpw kmap-Zm-bn-I-hp-amb IqSpw-_-¯n-\-I-¯pÅ Hcp
kv{XobpsS Pohn-X-¯nsâ Zpc\p`-h-§Ä s]¬Ip-«nbv¡v t_m[y-am-hp-Ibpw Xm\pw
CtX A´-co-£-¯n-em-WtÃm Pohn-bvt¡-­-sX¶pw t_m[y-amWv s]¬Ip«n
hr²sb CjvS-s¸-Sm³ Imc-Ww.
kv{Xobv¡v hyàn-kzm-X-{´ytam Bhn-jvI-cW kzmX-{´ytam k©m-c-kzm-X-
{´ytam A`n-{]mb kzmX-{´ytam CÃm¯ Hcp Ime-L-«s¯ \ap¡v a\-Ên-em-¡m³
Ign-bpw. A¯-c-sam-c-h-Ø-bmÂt]mepw X\nbv¡v Fgp-X-W-sa¶ AZ-ay-amb
B{Klw {]I-Sn-¸n-¡m³ IY-IÄ Fgp-Xnb hr². t]mcm-«-¯nsâ AS-bm-f-s¸-Sp-¯-em-
Wv. `À¯mhv Pen-en t]mb Ah-km-\-¯n kzmX{´y ka-c-¯n-sâ `mK-am-hp¶
kv{Xobm-bn-cp¶p Ah-cpsS IYm-{]-tabw. AXv `À¯m-hn-t\m-Spv ]d-ª-t¸mÄ
AbmÄ¡Xv DÄs¡m-Åm³ Ign-ªnà F¶Xpw hr² HmÀ¡p-¶p-­v. c­m-a-s¯bpw
IY ‘{iocmahnPbw’ Bbn-cp-¶p. Hcp kv{Xo IY-sb-gpXn ]pcp-jsâ t]cn Bgv¨-¸-


3

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller fadhildilu. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

79373 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$7.99
  • (0)
  Add to cart