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Samenvatting Kottak | 2017-2018
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AnthropologyChapter 2
Culture: systems of human behavior and thought.
- Culture includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, law, custom
- Culture is acquired and not inherited
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Defniton
- Enculturation: is the process by which a child learns his or her culture.
Culture is Learned
- Our own cultural learning depends on the development of Symbols, signs that have no
necessary or natural connecton to the things they signify or for which they stand.
- Culture is also defned as sets of control mechanisms, such as plans, rules, and
instructons
- Culture is also transmited through observaton,
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Culture is Symbolic
- A symbol is something verbal or nonverbal, within a language.
- Symbols are linguistc
- Example: fags, that stand for countries.
- Language is symbolic
- One thing that represents another
- Culture is human because of language
Culture is Shared
- Culture is transmited in society.
- We share our opinions and beliefs with many other people.
Culture and nature
, - Culture shapes human nature in diferent directons.
- Things like waste eliminaton, bathing, and dental care are parts of culture traditons
that have converted natural acts into cultural acts.
Culture is All-Encompassing
- All people are cultured and all of the things they do and use, think, make, use.
- So many things are infuenced by culture.
- Human actons are infuenced by culture.
- Culture includes features that are sometmes seen as trivial or unworthy of serious
study. Ex: popular culture.
Culture is Integrated
- Culture systems are connected to one another, so if you change one thing you might
change other parts.
- Example: women educaton leads to late marriage, smaller families, changes in status,
- Example: food, religion, gender equality, priorites change, schools, which could afect
the economy, the behavior, values, status, generatonal problems,
Culture is Instrumental, Adaptve, and Maladaptve
- Humans can adapt biologically, to cope with environmental stresses.
Culture can help us adapt to our world.
Ex: technology
- People use culture to fulfll their basic biological needs for food, drink, shelter, comfort
and reproducton.
- People also use culture to fulfll their psychological and emotonal needs.
- Cultural traits may be called adaptve if they help individuals cope with environmental
stress.
- On a diferent level, they can also be maladaptve in terms of the environmental efects
emissions from machines might have on humans.
Extremism
Marrying too young
Gender roles?
Over-eatng or fast food
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