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NSC Exam Review Questions and Answers

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NSC Exam Review Questions and Answers Insulin - Answer-hormone secreted by the pancreas in order to unlock cells to allow glucose in, lowering glucose levels. It is secreted when blood glucose levels are too high, above 99 Glucagon - Answer-hormone secreted at the opposite time of insulin i...

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  • February 27, 2024
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NSC Exam Review Questions and
Answers
Carb function in the body - Answer-Main energy source

Glycemic Index - Answer-ranking foods based on the relative blood glucose response
observed after ingesting them.
High glucose response= high glycemic index
low glucose response= low glycemic index.

Monosaccharides - Answer-glucose, fructose, galactose

Disaccharides - Answer-sucrose, lactose, maltose

Polysaccharides - Answer-thousands of molecules bound together-starch, glycogen,
fiber

Soluble Fiber - Answer-dissolves or swells in water, weight management (feeling full=
satiety), lowering cholesterol, and helps control blood sugar levels
Foods-citrus, apples, bananas, oats, beans

Insoluble Fiber - Answer-does not dissolve, helps GI health, prebiotic, protection against
colon cancer
Foods-whole grain, wheat bran, rice, veggies

Insulin - Answer-hormone secreted by the pancreas in order to unlock cells to allow
glucose in, lowering glucose levels. It is secreted when blood glucose levels are too
high, above 99

Glucagon - Answer-hormone secreted at the opposite time of insulin in order to raise
glucose levels. It is released when glucose levels are too low, releasing glucose from
the liver into the bloodstream

Type I Diabetes - Answer-pancreas can no longer produce insulin

Type II Diabetes - Answer-cells develop a resistance to insulin

Gluten - Answer-insoluble protein composite // wheat, rye, and barley-responsible for
the elastic consistency of dough

Celiac Disease - Answer-inherited disease // immune system attacks small intestine
when gluten is ingested

, Normal Fasting Blood Glucose Levels - Answer-normal 70-99 mg/dl, prediabetes 100-
125 mg/dl, diabetes greater than 126

Probiotic Vs. Prebiotic - Answer-probiotic (yogurt) are healthy bacteria that aid the GI
tract to move everything along, where prebiotics (honey) are mainly fibers that feed the
probiotic bacteria

Lactose Intolerance - Answer-lack of lactase, the enzyme that breaks down lactose into
a monosaccharide in order to be absorbed. Since it is not broken down, it is
metabolized by the large intestine, causing pain, gas, bloating, and discomfort

HDL vs. LDL - Answer-High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-good, more protein, removes
cholesterol, want levels above 60
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-bad, more cholesterol by dropping it off, delivers to your
cells

Saturated Fat - Answer-single bonds // bagels, milkshakes, cream cheese

Monounsaturated Fats (MUFA) - Answer-one double bond // nuts, avocados, vegetable
oils

Polyunsaturated Fats (PUFA) - Answer-more than one double bond // plant and animal
foods- salmon, vegetable oils

Omega 3 - Answer-Linolenic, double bond after the 3rd carbon, helps prevent
cardiovascular disease// canola oil, soybean oil, salmon

Omega 6 - Answer-Linoleic, double bond after 6th carbon, good for epithelial cell
function and gene expression // soybean oil, meat, sunflower oil

EPA - Answer-decrease inflammation// seafood, especially salmon

DHA - Answer-brain development and reduce brain inflammation // seafood, especially
salmon

Triglyceride - Answer-3 carbon molecule / stored in fat cells

Carbon Chain Size - Answer-Small < 6 carbons
Medium 6-12 carbons
Long > 12 carbons

Foods that contain cholesterol - Answer--eggs -cheese

Foods that contain saturated fats - Answer--burger, pizza, cheese, sausage

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