Class notes
Lecture notes Physiotherapy PT5112
- Course
- Institution
in-depth and well structured notes explaining muscle tone and neural spasticity. Also includes stroke physiology. Easy to understand and use.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
physiolifesaver
Content preview
Wk4 muscles tone notesStretch of muscle spindles activates afferent fibres
Resistance is modulated by supraspinal activity
Muscle tone: as the resistance to passive stretch due to tension in the muscle
Readiness: of the body’s muscles in preparation for the maintenance of a posture or
movement
Resistance: felt during passive movement of limb throughout ROM. The force the resists a
muscle lengthening is stiffness. Modulated by supraspinal activity
Categories is either High (spasticity) or Low. Pain increases tone
Rigidity – parkinsons
Spasticity – velocity-dependent increase in resistance to passive stretch. lack of inhibition
on the spinal cord increases tone
Factors
Non-neuronal (biomechanical): contractile and non-contractile/ connective tissues
e.g. muscle fibres, collagen, fascia, elastin + other connective tissues ok
- Epimysium and perimysium maintain and hold bundle fibres together muscle. Any
disuse affects the muscle itself and provide an exaggerated feeling of stiffness in
muscle tone. Shortening of muscle
- Non-contractile connective tissues:
Perimysium: connective tissue, maintains alignment and structural support to the
muscle bundles of muscle fibres
Epimysium: surrounds the whole muscle, maintaining muscle shape and support
Disuse contributes to stiffness non-contractile, compromising how muscles move
between each other. Inactivity without neural factor compromises the efficiency of
muscle contraction, result in feeling of stiffness in muscle (Thixotropy - muscle
fluidity)
- Sarcomeres are decreased with disuse and may provide false info on tone
Actin-myosin filaments: rest and inactivity sarcomeres are lost. Shortness, stiffness
Weak, stiff, tight
Scars adhere to muscle decreasing ROM
(viscoelastic properties of non-neural elements provide resistance, particularly at slow
velocities)
Neural control: supraspinal, spinal (Spasms, tremor)
Extrafusal muscle spindles
- Alpha efferent motor neurone
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller physiolifesaver. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $14.09. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
81849 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now