UNE Medical Biochemistry Exam 3 with Verified Solutions

Short chain fatty acids and medium chain fatty acids enter mitochondria by: - Diffusion Under fasting conditions (ratio of insulin to glucagon 1), elevated glucagon will activate which of the following enzymes? - Hormone sensitive lipase The process of ketogenesis refers to the conversion of acetyl-coa to which of the following compounds? - B-hydroxybutyrate A well, 2-year-old female presents to the clinic with symptoms of a viral illness. She had vomiting and diarrhea, weak, hypoglycemic, elevated liver enzymes, NO KETONES in urine. Laboratory analysis shows elevated medium chain fatty acylcarnitines in blood....which abnormality is the likely diagnosis for the child? - Defect of medium chain coenzyme A dehydrogenase Ketonuria, hyperglycemia and severe acidosis are diagnostic indicators of the presentation of type 1 diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following compounds are ketone bodies that would be elevated in serum and urine from a patient in this condition? - B-hydroxybutyrate and aceotoacetate Which of the following shuttle systems is necessary for the oxidation of long chain fatty acids? - carnitine B-oxidation of long chain fatty acids is inhibited by: - Malonyl-coa An 11-year-old female...thirsty, frequent urination...thin, in the 30th percentile for height and weight....glucose in urine. Evaluation of bloodwork would reveal decreased levels of which of the following compounds or hormones? - Insulin Malate can be converted to pyruvate in the cytosol. Which of the following compounds is directly generated in this conversion and is essential for fatty acid synthesis? - NADPH Insulin stimulates lipogenesis through several mechanisms. Which of the following is not an insulin-stimulated process that enhances lipogenesis? - Decreased activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex