SUMMARY: ALL DISORDERS from Clinical Developmental Psychology () and Psychopathology ()
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Course
Psychopathologie (202100181)
Institution
Universiteit Utrecht (UU)
Book
Klinische psychologie
This document provides an overview of all information provided about the mental disorders mentioned in the Clinical Developmental Psychology () and Psychopathology () courses.
,Neurobiologische Ontwikkelingsstoornissen
Communicatiestoornissen
Taalontwikkelingsstoornis (TOS)
Criteria/ Moeite met
Kenmerken: - Praten
- Uiten en begrijpen van taal
- Leren van grammaticale regels
Problemen in taalbegrip
Problemen in taalproductie
Problemen in verstaanbaarheid
Minder goede pragmatische vaardigheden
Hardnekkig
Subtypen/Soorten: Taalbegripsstoornis
Taalproductiestoornis
Fonologische stoornis
Prevalentie: 7%
Verloop: Vanaf jonge leeftijd
Mannen Vrouwen
Sekseverschillen:
Prevalenter Minder prevalent
Oorzaken: Erfelijkheid
Verwerking van taal in de hersenen
Thuisomgeving kan geen oorzaak zijn
Exclusie van diagnose
- Taaldeprivatie
- Gehoorproblemen
- Andere neurologische problemen
Diagnostiek: -
Behandeling: Belangrijk
- Vroegsignalisering
- Vroegbehandeling
Comorbiditeit: Risico op taalproblemen
, Problemen in sociaal-emotionele ontwikkeling
Problemen in cognitieve ontwikkeling
Problemen in schoolse vaardigheden
Belangrijk: Autisme en TOS zijn op jonge leeftijd moeilijk uit elkaar te halen
Doof-/Slechthorendheid
Criteria/ Bepaalde klanken minder goed onderscheiden
Kenmerken: Lager taalbegrip en taalproductie dan goedhorende kinderen
Minder groot vocabulair
Minder goede pragmatische vaardigheden
Auditory feedback loop: luisteren, verwerken en aanpassen eigen spraak
Luisterinspanning
Subtypen/Soorten: -
Prevalentie: 0.1%
Verloop: -
Mannen Vrouwen
Sekseverschillen:
- -
Oorzaken: -
Diagnostiek: -
Behandeling: Belangrijk
- Vroegsignalisering
- Vroegbehandeling
Comorbiditeit: Risico op taalproblemen
Communicatieve barrières
Problemen in sociaal-emotionele ontwikkeling
Problemen in cognitieve ontwikkeling
Problemen in schoolse vaardigheden
Belangrijk: -
, Specifieke leerstoornissen
Dyslexie (specific learning disability with impairment in reading)
Criteria/ Inability to distinguish/separate the sounds in spoken words
Kenmerken: Trouble learning basic sight words, especially those that are phonetically irregular and must be memorized
Typical errors
- Reversals (b/d; p/q)
- Transpositions (sequential errors such as was/saw, scared/sacred)
- Inversions (m/w; u/n)
- Omissions (reading place for palace or section for selection)
Lacks the critical language skills required for basic reading:
- Word reading accuracy
- Reading comprehension
- Reading rate/fluency
Core deficits stem from problems in decoding coupled with difficulty reading single small words (detracts from the child’s ability to
retain the meaning of text)
Moeite met
- Technisch lezen (vlot en accuraat)
- Letters aan klanken koppelen
- Automatisering (lezen blijft moeizaam verlopen of neemt maar heel langzaam af)
Geen specifieke dyslexie-fouten
Hardnekkigheid
Subtypen/Soorten: Persistently poor readers
Accuracy improved readers
Prevalentie: 5% to 15% among school-aged children
Verloop: Subtle disturbances in various brain regions for integrating and understanding information begin very early during development,
perhaps prenatally
Specific learning disorders are not usually outgrown
Sekseverschillen: Mannen Vrouwen
More often referred for learning difficulties Often quiet and withdrawn rather than loud and attention
More likely to show associated behavior concerns (aggression seeking (may be overlooked unless educators and parents are
or inattention) well informed)
Ratio of boys to girls: 2/3 to 1 Ratio of boys to girls: 2/3 to 1
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