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Fitness Testing Learning Aim A
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Reliability, Validity, Suitability, Practicality, and Ethical Issues of Fitness Testing. BTEC Sport (2016) - Unit 5: Application of Fitness Testing
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Unit 5: Application of Fitness TestingValidity is set out to show the accuracy of results in fitness testing and to determine if it is
what you have planned to measure. Validity is very important in fitness testing as it relates
to whether the test is measuring what its set out to measure, for example a footballer
would want to work on agility as its one of the most used components of fitness in football,
so they would take the Illinois agility test whereas a basketball player would do the wall to
wall toss to work on their coordination which will be used as they’re constantly dribbling
with the ball also while running so coordination is very important for a basketballer. Another
example is the beep test which will be used by a long-distance runner as they need to build
up endurance for their events that they run in. The beep test consists of running up and
down a 20-metre track before a beep sounds, each 20 metre track the time until the beep
sounds is less and less.
Reliability is a question to whether the test is accurate, if a test is reliable then the results
should be incredibly similar no matter how many times it has been carried out. It’s
important to ensure that the test is measured fairly and tested on multiple occasions to
determine the correct score. There are a few distinct factors that can affect reliability such
as the environment and the time of day of when the test is taken, for example, if one day
the administrator is measuring their client on a 30m sprint test and it was clear and sunny,
whilst the next day they are measuring on same client on a windy and wet day then the
reliability can be affected due to the weather conditions.
Another way that reliability can be affected is whether the administrator is taking the
correct scores or not. Reliability can be measured through fitness tests using benchmarking
data which is gathered from several studies that allows you to see a normal range of results
and allows you to make a judgement against the data that you have collected.
Benchmarking data can be used to compare your results with elite sports performers. Using
this data, you will be able to develop a fitness plan including target setting. To make sure
these tests are carried out in a reliable manner, you must have a warmup which consists of
dynamic stretches such as walking lunges, static stretches, and a heart raiser such as high
knees on the spot for thirty seconds. This should be done as well as calibration of equipment
to ensure that the equipment being used in the fitness test is fully functional and in good
working order.
Protocol is the system of rules and acceptable behaviour used
at official ceremonies and occasions such as a fitness test. It is extremely important to use
the correct protocol during a fitness test as if it is not taken seriously the fitness test will be
deemed unusable and the athlete doing the fitness test will have to go through the entire
process again, for them this would be extremely frustrating and must wait for another date
to do it. If protocol is not followed it can also affect reliability results. One method of
ensuring reliability is the use of similar equipment, for example when testing one's speed in
the hurdles, all the hurdles are the exact same height so that the runner does not need to
jump different heights at each hurdle they reach. Another method is to have the tests done
in the same conditions, for example when testing someone's ability to run in a 50-yard dash
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