• VET 212 Anesthesia Study Guide (Answered) Complete Solution Chapter 1
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• VET 212 Anesthesia
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• VET 212 Anesthesia
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VET 212 Anesthesia Study Guide (Answered) Complete Solution
Chapter 1
1) List 2 North American professional organizations that offer specialization in anesthesia and analgesia to credentialed individuals, and summarize the aims of each
ACADEMY of VETERINARY TECHNICIANS IN ANESTHESIA and AN...
VET 212 Anesthesia Study Guide (Answered) Complete Solution
Chapter 1
1) List 2 North American professional organizations that offer
specialization in anesthesia and analgesia to credentialed individuals,
and summarize the aims of each
ACADEMY of VETERINARY TECHNICIANS IN ANESTHESIA and ANALGESIA (AVTAA) --> promotes
patient
safety, consumer protection, professionalism and excellence in anesthesia
care AMERICAN COLLEGE of VETERINARY ANESTHESIA and ANALGESIA
(ACVAA) -->
2) Define anesthesia, and differentiate topical, local, regional, general,
and surgical anesthesia
TOPICAL ANESTHESIA→loss of sensation of a localized area produced by administration of a local
anesthetic directly to a body surface or surgical or traumatic wound (small areas)
LOCAL ANESTHESIA→ loss of sensation in a small area of the body produced by administration of
a local anesthetic agent in proximity to the area of interest (small areas)
REGIONAL ANESTHESIA→ loss of sensation in a limited area of the body produced by
administration of a local anesthetic or other agent in proximity to sensory nerves (nerve blocks,
epidural anesthesia, large areas) GENERAL ANESTHESIA→reversible state of unconsciousness,
immobility, muscle relaxation, and loss of sensation throughout the entire body produced by
one or more anesthetic agents
SURGICAL ANESTHESIA→ specific state of general anesthesia in which there is a sufficient
degree of analgesia (loss of sensitivity to pain) and muscle relaxation to allow surgery to be
performed without patient pain or movement
3) Differentiate sedation, tranquilization, hypnosis, and narcosis
SEDATION→ drug induced CNS depression and drowsiness that vary in intensity from light to
deep TRANQUILIZATION→ drug induced state of calm in which the patient is reluctant to move
and is aware of but unconcerned about its surroundings
HYPNOSIS→ drug induced sleep like state that impairs the ability of the patient to respond
appropriately to stimuli---sleep like state from which the patient can be aroused with
sufficient stimulation
NARCOSIS→ drug induced sleep, the patient is not easily aroused, most often associated with
administration of narcotics
4) Explain the concept of balanced anesthesia and the advantages of
this approach
Balanced anesthesia (the administration of multiple drugs to the same patient during one
anesthetic event) maximizes benefits, minimizes adverse effects, and gives the anesthetist
the ability to produce anesthesia with the degree of CNS depression, muscle relaxation,
analgesia, and immobilization appropriate for the patient and the procedure Example:
premedication, then maintenance with inhalant, the post op medication for analgesia
, 5) List common indications for anesthesia
GENERAL ANESTHESIA→ most common, fully immobilizes the patient, procedures can be
performed quickly and safely, inexpensive, uses balanced techniques
,SEDATION→ can be mild or heavy, neuroleptanalgesia, used for minor procedures, diagnostics,
physical examination
6) Describe fundamental challenges and risks associated with anesthesia
-most anesthetic agents have a narrow therapeutic index so care and attention to detail are
critical when dosages are calculated and rates are adjusted
-most anesthetic agents cause significant changes in cardiovascular and pulmonary function and
can be dangerous or fatal--vital signs must be closely monitored
-the potential for patient harm during administration of anesthetics is relatively high
-must keep detailed and accurate anesthetic records
7) List the qualities and abilities of a successful veterinary anesthetist
-the anesthetist must accurately interpret a wide spectrum of visual, tactile, and auditory
information
-the anesthetist must have a comprehensive understanding of the significance of physical
parameters and machine generated data
Chapter 2
1) Explain the importance of effective communication and the role of
the veterinary technician in communication.
-veterinarians depend on accurate information at all stages of the procedure to make effective
patient care decisions
-clients need clear instructions and answers to questions before the procedure, progress
reports, and home care instructions afterwards
-the technician acts as a liaison between the dr and the client
2) List the reasons for preoperative patient evaluation.
-to uncover hidden problems that may increase risk or alter patient management
3) List the parts of a minimum patient database.
-used to make patient care decisions
-patient history, including the patient signalment
-complete physical examination findings
-results of a preanesthetic diagnostic workup
4) Take a complete history, and identify findings that affect anesthetic
event planning.
-when taking a history emphasize open-ended questions, avoid leading questions or questions
that can be answered yes or no
-gather signalment, current and past diseases, medications, allergies, statues of preventative
care
-when gathering historical information about signs of illness always ask the following:
-the duration (how long has it been going?)
-the volume or severity (how much or how severe?)
-the frequency (how often?)
-the character or appearance (what does it look like?)
, 5) Identify ways in which patient signalment influences the
anesthetic procedure and patient management.
SPECIES→ each species has unique responses to anesthetic agents and unique needs
associated with anesthesia...horses and cats are more sensitive to opioids, horses have rougher
recoveries, ruminants are prone to bloat
BREED→ differences in anatomy and physiology among various breeds may affect an animal’s
response to anesthetic agents...brachycephalic animals are difficult to intubate, sighthounds are
sensitive to barbiturates, draft horses are sensitive to sedatives
AGE→ determines what drugs to use...neonates and pediatric patients are less able to metabolize
injectable drugs
SEX and REPRODUCTIVE STATUS→animals in heat make a spay more difficult, ace is
contradicted in stallions
6) Discuss the rationale for obtaining the owner’s consent for anesthesia.
-it is illegal in more jurisdictions to undertake surgery or anesthesia on an animal without an
owner’s written or oral consent
-the owner is warned beforehand of risks associated with the procedure
-the owner gets a written estimate of the expected charges and obtain a signed consent form
authorizing anesthesia and surgery
7) Perform a preanesthetic physical assessment.
PATIENT IDENTIFICATION→ identification collars must be placed on all patients. Proper patient
identification is essential, ensure correct surgery if being performed on the correct area
BODY WEIGHT→ all animals must be accurately weighed immediately before any anesthetic
procedure BODY CONDITION SCORE→ can range from 1-5 or 1-9, with 1 being emaciated and 9
being grossly obese, helps assess overall wellbeing of the patient as well as drug calculation
(drug calculation based on lean body weight)
ASSESSMENT OF HYDRATION→ dehydrated patients may need to be stabilized prior to
anesthetic induction, look at MM, tent the skin, look at the eyes
LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS→ BAR, QAR, Lethargic, obtunded, comatose, decreased level of
consciousness indicates abnormal brain function
PAIN SCORE→
BODY TEMPERATURE→
8) Relate the patient signalment, body weight, and patient condition to
the selection and use of anesthetic agents and adjuncts.
PATIENT SIGNALMENT→ breed, sex, age, species
BODY WEIGHT→ BCS, is the patient emaciated or
obese
PATIENT CONDITION→ health status, are there pre existing conditions
9) Assign a patient to one of the five physical status classifications
as specified by the American Society of Anesthesiologists.
PS1/ ASA I→ minimal risk, normal healthy patient, patients undergoing elective procedures
(spay, neuter) PS2/ ASA II→ low risk, patient with mild systemic disease, neonatal, geriatric, or
obese patients, mild dehydration, skin tumor removal
PS3/ ASA III→ moderate risk, patients with severe systemic disease, anemia, moderate
dehydration
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