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NR 293 - EXAM 1 Questions with Correct Answers.
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NR 293 - EXAM 1 Questions with CorrectAnswers
Drug - correct answers:Any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism
Pharmacology - correct answers:The study or science of drugs
Chemical Name - correct answers:Describes the drug's chemical composition and molecular structure
(not usually used in nursing)
Generic Name - correct answers:Name given by the United States Adopted Names council. The universal
name, like ibuprofen or acetaminophen
Trade Name - correct answers:AKA proprietary name. The drug has a registered trademark, use of the
name is restricted by the drug's patent owner. Ex is Motrin and Advil, they are both ibuprofen
Pharmaceutics - correct answers:The study of how various drug forms influence the way in which the
drug affects the body.
Oral, rectal, transdermal, etc.
Pharmacodynamics - correct answers:The study of what the drug does to the body. The mechanism of
drug actions in living tissues and drug-receptor relationships
Pharmacotherapeutics - correct answers:The clinical use of drugs to prevent and treat disease. Defines
principles of drug actions- the cellular processes that change in response to the presence of drug
molecules. Drugs are organized into pharmacologic classes, like antihypertensives.
Ex: elderly taking baby aspirin to prevent strokes
Pharmacognosy - correct answers:The study of natural drug sources, like plants, animals and minerals.
,Pharmaceutic Properties - correct answers:Different drug dosage forms have different properties.
Dosage form determines the rate of drug dissolution. Enteric-coated tablets protect patients from
stomach irritation.
Fastest Route of Oral Drug Absorption - correct answers:1. Oral disintegration, buccal tabs, and oral
soluble wafers
2. Liquids, elixirs, and syrups
3. Suspension solutions
4. Powders
5. Capsules
6. Tablets
7. Coated tablets
8. Enteric-coated tabletes
Pharmacokinetics - correct answers:The study of what the body does to the drug. A drug's time to onset
of action, time to peak effect, and duration of action.
-Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - correct answers:Movement of a drug from its site of administration into
the bloodstream for distribution to the tissues.
Bioavailability - correct answers:A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and route.
Giving a med through the IV, you will have 100% of the med in the bloodstream, none is lost.
First-Pass Effect - correct answers:The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the GI tract
before the drug reaches systemic circulation. If you give a PO med, the GI system digests, liver
transforms, and then it reaches the bloodstream. Not 100% of the med reaches the bloodstream, you
lose some as it travels.
Enteral Route of Drug Administration - correct answers:The drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation
through the oral or gastric mucosa or the small intestine. Types of enteral are oral, sublingual, buccal,
and rectal.
, Parenteral Route of Drug Administration - correct answers:Though an IV, IM, subcutaneous, intradermal,
intraarterial, intrathecal, and intraarticular
Topical Route of Drug Administration - correct answers:Skin, eyes, ears, nose, lungs, rectum, vagina
Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - correct answers:The transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of
action. Protein-binding, water-soluble vs fat-soluble, blood-brain barrier.
Protein-Binding Drugs - correct answers:After you take the medication, it is in the blood attached to
protein, mainly albumin. When the drug binds to albumin, it works as a slow release, only the free
unbound drug is therapeutic. The bound drug is essentially inactive. Type of drugs that are protein-
binding are blood thinners. If a patient is deficient in albumin, there is a problem of too much free-drug.
Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism/Biotransformation - correct answers:The biochemical alteration of a drug
into an inactive metabolite, a more soluble compound, a more potent active metabolite, or a less active
metabolite. Transformed mainly in the liver, but also skeletal muscle, kidneys, lungs, plasma, intestinal
mucosa.
Factors the Decrease Metabolism - correct answers:Cardiovascular dysfunction, renal insufficiency,
starvation, obstructive jaundice, slow acetylator, and ketoconazole therapy
Factors the Increase Metabolism - correct answers:Fast acetylator, barbiturate therapy, rifampin therapy,
and phenytoin therapy
Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - correct answers:The elimination of drugs from the body by the kidneys
(main organ), liver, bowel
Drug Half-Life - correct answers:The time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to be
removed from the body. A measure of the rate at which a drug is removed from the body. Most drugs
are considered to be effectively removed after about 5 half-lives.
Steady State - correct answers:If you give medications around the clock, eventually the meds you give
are equal to the meds removed in half-life
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