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Samenvatting Hoofdstuk 6 - enzymen
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dit is een samenvatting v het vak biochemie & moleculaire biologie door proffen van den eynde & derua. met deze samenvatting haalde ik een 16 op het examen
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Hoofdstuk 6 – enzymenHoofdstuk 6 – enzymen.........................................................................................................................1
Activeringsenergie en de metastabiele toestand...............................................................................2
Enzymen zijn biokatalysatoren...........................................................................................................2
Hoe functioneert een katalysator?.................................................................................................2
Actieve site.....................................................................................................................................3
Zuur – base katalyse.......................................................................................................................3
Covalente katalyse.........................................................................................................................3
Gevoeligheden..............................................................................................................................3
Classificatie v enzymen..................................................................................................................4
Oxidoreductasen........................................................................................................................4
Transferasen...............................................................................................................................4
Hydrolasen.................................................................................................................................4
Lyasen........................................................................................................................................5
Isomerasen................................................................................................................................5
Ligasen.......................................................................................................................................5
Translocasen..............................................................................................................................5
Enzymkinetica....................................................................................................................................5
Inhibitie..........................................................................................................................................6
Onomkeerbare inhibitoren........................................................................................................6
Omkeerbare inhibitoren.............................................................................................................6
Regeling van enzymen.......................................................................................................................7
Allosterische inhibitie.....................................................................................................................7
Allosterische activatie................................................................................................................7
Allosterische enzymen...............................................................................................................7
Covalente modificatie....................................................................................................................8
Katalyse door RNA: ribozymen.......................................................................................................8
, Waarom nodig? = kans dat moleculen met elkaar botsen in de juiste oriëntatie is erg klein
(=metastabiele toestand)
Activeringsenergie en de metastabiele toestand
Energieverloop van een chemische reactie:
Hoe kan een chemische reactie worden versneld?
- Verhoging concentratie reagentia = meer kans om te botsen
- Verhoging temperatuur = toevoegen van warmte hogere energie-inhoud
- Verlagen van Ea = toevoegen van een katalysator
Enzymen zijn biokatalysatoren
Hoe functioneert een katalysator?
Verlaagt de activeringsenergie:
- Bindt substraten zodat de reactie niet afhangt v toevallige botsing
- Bindt substraten in bijna – transitietoestand
- Omgeeft substraten door strategisch gepositioneerde groepen die
optreden v reactie bevorderen
Verhoogt de snelheid vd reactie MAAR geen effect op ligging evenwicht
De katalytische cyclus (= enzym wordt niet geconsumeerd : blijft bestaan)
Eiwit ligand & enzyme – substraat interactie
- Gekarakteriseerd door affiniteit & specifiteit
- Sterkte vd binding weergegeven door
dissociatieconstante
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