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Samenvatting - Staatsrecht
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Samenvatting van het vak Staatsrecht (zowel de slides behandeld in de les, de bijhorende notities en de syllabus).
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1BA RECHTENSAMENVATTING
STAATSRECHT
Azra Tok
2023-2024
,Inhoudsopgave
Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................ 4
DEEL 1. Krachtlijnen....................................................................................................................................... 5
1. De Belgische staat...................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1. Het ontstaan van België................................................................................................................................5
1.2. België als staat..............................................................................................................................................7
1.3. Gevolgen van de kwalificatie als staat..........................................................................................................8
2. Een democratische rechtsstaat................................................................................................................. 10
2.1. De scheiding van de machten.....................................................................................................................10
2.2. De rechtsstaat (rule of law).........................................................................................................................12
3. Een meergelaagde staat in Europa............................................................................................................ 14
3.1. De (federale) staat België............................................................................................................................14
3.2. De Vlaamse en de andere deelstaten..........................................................................................................19
3.3. De Europese Unie........................................................................................................................................21
3.4. De gemeenten en provincies.......................................................................................................................23
4. Grondwettelijke teksten........................................................................................................................... 24
4.1. De Belgische Grondwet...............................................................................................................................27
4.2. De constitutieve autonomie van de deelstaten...........................................................................................32
4.3. De constituerende verdragen van de Europese Unie..................................................................................32
5. De wetgevende instellingen..................................................................................................................... 34
5.1. Debatteren en organiseren.........................................................................................................................34
5.2. Zelf beslissen...............................................................................................................................................37
5.2.1. Op federaal niveau..............................................................................................................................38
5.2.2. Op deelstatelijk niveau........................................................................................................................39
5.2.3. Op Europees niveau.............................................................................................................................39
5.2.4. Op lokaal niveau..................................................................................................................................39
5.3. Verkiezen en vertegenwoordigen................................................................................................................40
5.3.1. Het federale niveau.............................................................................................................................41
5.3.2. Het deelstatelijke niveau.....................................................................................................................47
5.3.3. Het Europese niveau............................................................................................................................49
5.3.4. De Vlaamse lokale besturen................................................................................................................51
5.4. Wetgeven....................................................................................................................................................52
5.4.1. Op federaal niveau..............................................................................................................................52
5.4.2. Het deelstatelijke niveau.....................................................................................................................62
5.4.3. Op Europees niveau.............................................................................................................................63
5.4.4. Op lokaal niveau..................................................................................................................................64
6. De uitvoerende instellingen...................................................................................................................... 66
6.1. Vertrouwen en controleren.........................................................................................................................66
6.1.1. Op federaal niveu................................................................................................................................66
6.1.2. Op deelstatelijk niveau........................................................................................................................77
, 6.1.3. Op Europees niveau.............................................................................................................................80
6.1.4. Op lokaal niveau: in de Vlaamse gemeenten......................................................................................81
6.1.5. Op lokaal niveau: in de Vlaamse provincies........................................................................................83
6.2. Besturen......................................................................................................................................................84
6.2.1. Op federaal niveau (Koning + regering)...............................................................................................84
6.2.2. Op deelstatelijk niveau (deelstaatregeringen)....................................................................................91
6.2.3. Op Europees niveau (Europese Commissie)........................................................................................91
6.2.4. Op lokaal niveau..................................................................................................................................92
6.3. Bestuurlijke rechtshandelingen stellen.......................................................................................................92
6.4. Taalgebruik door het bestuur......................................................................................................................95
7. Gefedereerde bevoegdheden................................................................................................................... 98
7.1. Grondslagen................................................................................................................................................98
7.2. De federale bevoegdheden.......................................................................................................................101
7.3. De gemeenschapsbevoegdheden..............................................................................................................103
7.4. De gewestbevoegdheden..........................................................................................................................105
7.5. Impliciete bevoegdheden..........................................................................................................................107
7.6. Instrumentele bevoegdheden...................................................................................................................108
7.7. Grenzen aan de bevoegdheidsuitoefening................................................................................................109
7.8. Verhoudingen tussen de federale entiteiten.............................................................................................110
8. Territoriaal gedecentraliseerde bevoegdheden.......................................................................................113
8.1. Bevoegdheden van de Vlaamse gemeenten.............................................................................................113
8.2. Toezicht op de lokale besturen..................................................................................................................113
9. De inwoners en hun grondrechten.......................................................................................................... 114
10. De inwoners......................................................................................................................................... 114
11. De ontwikkeling van grondrechten....................................................................................................... 117
11.1. De Belgische Grondwet...........................................................................................................................117
11.2. De Raad van Europa – EVRM..................................................................................................................118
11.3. De Europese Unie....................................................................................................................................118
11.4. Verenigde Naties.....................................................................................................................................119
12. De voornaamste grondrechten............................................................................................................. 119
12.1. Bescherming van de fysieke integriteit...................................................................................................119
12.2. Recht op gelijke behandeling..................................................................................................................120
12.3. Intellectuele vrijheden.............................................................................................................................120
12.4. Democratische rechten...........................................................................................................................122
12.5. Rechten tijdens de rechtspleging............................................................................................................122
12.6. Rechten tijdens de strafrechtspleging.....................................................................................................123
12.7. Recht op bescherming privé-, gezins- en familieleven............................................................................124
12.8. Het recht op bescherming van eigendom...............................................................................................124
, 12.9. Socio-economische rechten.....................................................................................................................124
12.10. Rechten voor specifieke groepen..........................................................................................................125
13. De beperking van grondrechten............................................................................................................ 125
13.1. Horizontale werking van grondrechten..................................................................................................130
14. Rechtspreken....................................................................................................................................... 130
14.1. De federale rechtscolleges......................................................................................................................130
14.2. De rechtscolleges van de deelstaten.......................................................................................................135
14.3. De rechtscolleges van de EU...................................................................................................................135
14.4. Lokale rechtscolleges?.............................................................................................................................136
14.5. Hiërarchie van de normen.......................................................................................................................136
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