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BIO152 WK7 Lecture Notes
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BIO152 Sem 2 2018 Lecture Notes - Week 7
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BIO152 WEEK 7The Code of Life
Diversity of life
- All organisms need to:
- Regulate the exchange of materials
- Handle energy transfer
- Use their hereditary material to direct protein synthesis
- Duplicate their hereditary material
- And reproduce
DNA
- DNA allows us to understand:
- How organisms make proteins and enzymes
- How organisms reproduce
- How they pass on traits to the next organism
- How they change over tme and create new species
How does DNA control biology?
- Enzymes are the principle molecules that facilitate reactons of life
- But enzymes are proteins, made of a sequence of amino acids
- One protein difers from another based on the amino acid sequence
DNA and hereditary
- In eukaryotc cells, DNA is housed in the nucleus
- Formed as chromosomes, each chromosome is one complete DNA molecule
- DNA is the molecule copied from one generaton to the next
- DNA encodes informaton critcal for cellular processes
DNA, RNA and protein
- DNA bound histone proteins
- Forms chromatn
- Chromatn packed into nucleosomes
- Forms loops
- Condenses into chromosome
- Results in a 10,000-fold reducton in size
Eukaryotc nuclear structure
- Nucleolus:
- dense, non-membranous sub-organelle
- Site of synthesis of a type of RNA (ribosomal RNA)
- Euchromatn:
- Uncondensed chromatn that stains poorly
- DNA that is undergoing transcripton
- Heterochromatn:
- Heterochromatn condensed chromatn that stains well
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