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Summary Key definitions and concepts in conflict and peacebuilding
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Key definitions and concepts in conflict and peacebuilding (politics and international relations).
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Civil society: different definitions but UNDP defines as “the group of voluntary associationsthat are not part of the state but hold some form of social power: political parties, citizens’
movements, communications media, the private sector, guilds, trade unions, churches and
NGOs are in general considered part of said society (UNDP, 2003: 447).
Civil war: usually refers to war taking place primarily within the territorial boundaries of a
state. Defined by status of major actors, goals, level of severity. Cramer argues have to take
into account interdependence beyond borders, varying levels of severity, differences within
the category.
Conflict: situations of political violence. Conflict may occur within a state’s borders,
predominantly fought between domestic combatants, or may be transnational, implicating a
wide array of actors.
Conflict settlement vs. resolution: ending conflict vs. solving underlying issues
Criminal v Political violence: goals of conflict political [i.e., relating to reform of
government or state]; Collier treats rebellion as a form of organised criminal violence and
Kaldor says increasingly criminal civil war but this distinction is critiqued by Nordstrom and
Kalvyas.
DDR: [Disarmament: Collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms,
ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the
civilian population] [Demobilisation: The formal and controlled discharge of active
combatants from armed forces or other armed groups.] [Reintegration: The process by
which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income]
[source: note by UNSG 2005]
Failed state: state that is deemed to have failed economic and politically; government
doesn’t have control or loss of its legitimacy fatally that the state risks collapsing (cf Rotberg)
Gender-based violence: “Gender-based violence refers to violence that targets individuals or
groups of individuals on the basis of their gender. Gender-based violence has been defined by
the CEDAW Committee as violence that is directed at a person on the basis of gender or sex.
It includes acts that inflict physical, mental or sexual harm or suffering, threat of such acts,
coercion and other deprivations of liberty.” It is a violation of human rights. (UNHCR
Guidelines for Prevention and Response: Sexual and Gender-Based Violence Against
Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons)
Global: spatiality of the whole world; [Srineck: hierarchical or as a level or detail or as a
container within which action happens or in the sense of network]
Globalisation: transnationalisation of (economic) power / exercise of hegemonic
transnational power (Conteh-Morgan 2006), exerciser of which is evident in IOs, IFIs etc.,
and advanced industrialised nations. Age of intense globalisation began in 1980s. System,
discourse, process; within this neoliberalism is the primacy discourse (C-M 2006). Involves
principles of commodification, competition, private interests, market infallibility,
assumption that resources infinite (C-M)
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