1. Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism
ANS Face is pale, puffy, and expression- less.
Skin is cold and dry.
hair is brittle, and hair loss occurs.
Heart rate and temperature are lowered. The patient lethargy, fatigue, and intoler- ance to cold.
Mentation may be impaired.
2. Signs and symptom...
NR565 Pharmacology Final Exam
1.Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism
ANS Face is pale, puffy, and expression- less.
Skin is cold and dry.
hair is brittle, and hair loss occurs.
Heart rate and temperature are lowered. The patient lethargy, fatigue, and intoler- ance to cold.
Mentation may be impaired.
2.Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism
ANS Heart Rate is Rapid; Possible ar- rhythmia/angina
Nervousness, insomnia, rapid thought flow, and rapid speech Skeletal muscles may weaken and atrophy
Metabolic rate is raised, resulting in increased heat production, increased body temperature, intolerance to heat, and skin that is warm and moist
Weight loss occurs if caloric intake fails to match the increase in metabolic rate
3.Severe hypothyroidism
ANS Myxedema .Hypothyroid Treatment
ANS Levothyroxine is the drug of choice for most patients who require
thyroid hormone replacement.
5.Levothyroxine (Synthroid) Therapeutic Goal
ANS Resolution of signs and symp- toms of hypothyroidism and restoration of normal laboratory values for serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4).
6.Major forms of hyperthyroidism
ANS Graves disease and toxic nodular goiter (also known as Plummer disease).
7.Graves Disease
ANS Most common cause of excessive thyroid hormone secretion
8.What adjunctive therapy is good to prescribe to control symptoms of
hyper- thyroidism other than thyroid specific medications?
ANS ²-Blockers and nonradioac- tive iodine may be used as adjunctive therapy.
²-Blockers suppress tachycardia by blocking ² -receptors on the heart. Nonradioactive iodine inhibits synthesis and release of thyroid hormones. .Monitoring needs and intervals for Levothyroxine
ANS Check TSH 6-8 weeks after initiating therapy and after any dosage change.
Check TSH at least once a year after serum TSH is stabilized.
10.Hyperthyroid Treatment
ANS thionamide drugs—methimazole and propylthiouracil (PTU)—
suppress synthesis of thyroid hormones.
11.Methimazole Therapeutic Goal
ANS (1) reduction of thyroid hormone production in Graves' disease, (2) control of hyperthyroidism until the effects of radiation on the thyroid become manifest, (3) suppression of thyroid hormone production before
subtotal thyroidectomy, (4) treatment of thyrotoxic crisis. .Monitoring needs and intervals for Methimazole
ANS Check CBC with differential if signs or symptoms of infection. Check
LFTs if signs or symptoms of liver dysfunc- tion.
13.High Risk Patients for Methimazole
ANS Should be avoided in the first trimester of pregnancy.
14.Methimazole Toxicity
ANS Agranulocytosis is the most dangerous toxicity.
15.PTU High Risk Warning
ANS Carries a risk for liver toxicity. Although rare, the FDA recommends
against using as a first-line treatment due to potential for hepatic toxicity.
16.Effects of maternal hypothyroidism on offspring and appropriate patient teaching related to need for treatment.
ANS Can cause delay in mental development and derangement of growth. In the absence of thyroid hormones, the child develops a large and protruding tongue, potbelly, and dwarfish stature. Development of the nervous system, bones, teeth, and muscles is impaired.
17.Congenital Hypothyroidism Treatment
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