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Summary BIOLOGY IB STANDARD LEVEL LEARNING OUTCOMES TOPICS 1 TO 6 AND SL UNITS FOR OPTION D Topic 1: Cell Biology; Topic 2: Molecular Biology; Topic 3: Genetics; Topic 4: Ecology; Topic 5: Evolution and Biodiversity; Topic 6: Human Physiology. Option D; HUMAN $60.49
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Summary BIOLOGY IB STANDARD LEVEL LEARNING OUTCOMES TOPICS 1 TO 6 AND SL UNITS FOR OPTION D Topic 1: Cell Biology; Topic 2: Molecular Biology; Topic 3: Genetics; Topic 4: Ecology; Topic 5: Evolution and Biodiversity; Topic 6: Human Physiology. Option D; HUMAN
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Grado
Biology
Institución
Sixth Year / 12th Grade
BIOLOGY IB STANDARD LEVEL LEARNING OUTCOMES TOPICS 1 TO 6 AND SL UNITS FOR OPTION D
Topic 1: Cell Biology; Topic 2: Molecular Biology; Topic 3: Genetics; Topic 4: Ecology; Topic 5: Evolution and Biodiversity; Topic 6: Human Physiology.
Option D; HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
Describe features of striated muscle fibers that make them an atypical example cell.
Long, thin cells with many nuclei
Describe features of aseptate fungal hyphae that make them an atypical example cell.
Long branching single cell structures
Describe fea tures of giant algae that make them an atypical example cell.
Very large cells with a single nucleus
Outline eight functions of life.
Metabolism chemical reactions inside the cell, including respiration to release energy
Reproduction producing offspring either sexually or asexually
Growth an irreversible increase in size
Respond the ability to react to changes in the environment
Excretion getting rid of the waste products of metabolism Homeostasis keeping conditions
inside the organism with tolerable limits
Nutrition obtaining food, to provide energy and the ma terials needed for growth
Describe characteristics of Paramecium that enable it to perform the functions of life.
,M(metabolism): The cytoplasm contains enzymes that act as a catalyst for the metabolic
reactions
R(reproduction): the cell reproduces through mitosis as well as meiosis
G(growth): nutrients from digestion produce enough energy for growth
R(respond): the cilia helps the cell to move around, the paracium is allows the cell to respond to
environmental changes as it moves toward or away from external stimuli E(excretion): waste
products are taken out of the cell through the membrane
H(homeostasis): the contractile vacuoles fill up with water, the water then passes out through
the plasma membrane, this maintains the water levels inside the cell relatively constant
N(nutrition): the cell ingests small organisms which are digested through endocytosis (vesciles)
Describe characteristics Of Chlamydomonas that enable it to perform the functions of life.
M(metabolism): enzymes in the cytoplasm catalyze the metabolic reactions
R(reproduction): reproduces through both mitosis and meiosis
G(growth): grows by the absorption of minerals and photosynthesis
R(respond): the cell has an eyespot which detects the brightest light, the chlamydomonas
moves towards the light stimuli, which shows that the cell is able to respond to environmental
changes
E(excretion): waste products are taken out of the cell through diffusion
H(homeostasis): contractile vacuoles fill up with water, then remove this water from the cell by
expelling it through the plasma membrane
N(nutrition): cell contains a chloroplast so it produces its own food through photosynthesis
Discuss two implications of all cells being formed from pre existing cells.
There must have been an original cell All cells are related (if even distantly)
Explain historical thinking about spontneous generation (what did people think and why did
they think it?).
, Spontaneous generation is the idea that life can arise from nonliving matter. It was the
predominant understanding for many years because:
Tools for observation were not advanced enough for seeing microscopic organisms
Conformity bias everyone at the time thought spontaneous generation was accurate so there
was no reason or pres sure to show that it wasn't
Groups tend to think similiarly to each other and not ques tion each other.
Its hard to speak out against an idea when a group sup ports it
Conformation bias what was observed matched what was believed, so there was no reason to
question it Religious inertia: religion was a deep part of daily life. "scientists" of the day were
Often affiliated and advocates of religious doctrine
Define conformity bias and give an example of conformity bias in the historical study of life.
Conformity bias is the tendency to behave similarly to others in a group, even if doing so goes
against your own judgment. Conformity bias often stifles creative or "outside the box" thinking.
Historically, conformity bias may have limited exploration into generation of living organisms.
Outline the experiments of Redi and Spallanzani.
Reidi showed that maggots do not sponatneously gener ate from meat. Spallanzani tested
spontaneous genera tion of microbes.
List reasons why biologists now universally accept that cells only come from preexisting cells.
Tools have improved and we can now observe cellular generation. Have never observed
spontaneous generation. Improved scientific method and use of controlled experiments.
Evidence from Pasteur's experiments that spontaneous generation of cells and organisms does
not now occur on Earth.
Define spontaneous generation.
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