2024 ATI RN Fundamentals 2019 Exam Updated 2024 with All Questions from Actual Past Exam , 100% Correct Answers , and Rationale Question 1: A nurse is assessing the skin of a client who has worked outdoors for the past 20 years. Which of the following findings is the nurse's priority? A. A flat, nonpalpable, dark -colored area of skin on the trunk B. Atrophic wart on the left index finger C. Skin tags noted in the neck region D. A change in appearance of a mole on the shoulder Show correct answer and explanation Explanation Choice A rationale: A flat, nonpalpable, dark -colored area of skin on the trunk is likely a benign nevus, or mole, that does not pose a serious threat. Choice B rationale: An atrophic wart on the left index finger is also a benign growth that can be removed by cryotherapy or surgery. Choice C rationale: Skin tags in the nose region are harmless skin protrusions that are common in older adults and can be removed for cosmetic reasons. Choice D rationale: The nurse's priority is to assess the mole on the shoulder that has changed in appearance. This could indicate a malignant melanoma, which is a type of skin cancer that can spread quickly and be fatal. Question 2: A nurse is teaching an older adult client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus about how to care for corns and calluses on her toes. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I can place an oval corn pad over toes that have corns as long as I remove the pad weekly." B. "I can apply lotion to soften calluses as long as I don't put lotion between my toes." C. "I should use an over -the-counter liquid medication to remove corns." D. "I should soak my feet in warm water daily to soften corns and calluses." Show correct answer and explanation Explanation Choice A rationale: Placing an oval corn pad over toes and removing it weekly may increase the risk of infection and skin breakdown. Continuous use of pads can trap moisture, potentially leading to complications for individuals with diabetes. Choice B rationale: Applying lotion to soften calluses without putting lotion between the toes is correct. Moisturizing can help prevent dry skin, but it's essential to avoid moisture between the toes to prevent fungal infections. The emphasis on proper foot care aligns with diabetes management, where foot health is crucial. Choice C rationale: Using over -the-counter liquid medication to remove corns without professional guidance can lead to complications and skin damage. It's important to involve healthcare providers in the management of foot issues in individuals with diabetes. Choice D rationale: Soaking feet in warm water daily can contribute to moisture, increasing the risk of fungal infections. It's generally not recommended for individuals with diabetes, emphasizing the importance of avoiding excessive moisture. Question 3: A nurse is planning to discharge a client who has diabetes mellitus and a new prescription for insulin. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to complete first? A. Determine whether the client can afford the insulin administration supplies. B. Provide the client with the contact number for a diabetes education specialist. C. Make a copy of the medication reconciliation form for the client. D. Obtain printed information about insulin self -administration. Show correct answer and explanation Explanation Choice A rationale: Determining whether the client can afford the insulin administration supplies is a priority to ensure that the client can effectively manage their diabetes. Access to supplies is crucial for adherence to the treatment plan. Financial considerations directly impact the client's ability to follow through with prescribed treatments. Choice B rationale: Providing the client with the contact number for a diabetes education specialist is important but is a subsequent step after addressing the immediate concern of affordability. Choice C rationale: Making a copy of the medication reconciliation form is a part of the documentation process but is not the first priority. While documentation is essential, addressing immediate needs takes precedence. Choice D rationale: Obtaining printed information about insulin self -administration is important, but assessing affordability comes first to ensure the client can implement the education received. Understanding the client's financial capacity is foundational to effective diab etes management. Question 4: A nurse is caring for an infant who is to undergo surgery. The nurse should identify that which of the following individuals should sign the form? A. The infant's provider B. The infant's 17 -year is mother C. The mother's 21 -year -old sibling D. The infant's grandparent Show correct answer and explanation Explanation Choice A rationale: The infant's provider does not sign the consent form. The legal guardian or parent typically provides consent for a minor's surgery. Choice B rationale: The infant's 17 -year -old mother is likely the legal guardian and can provide consent for the infant's surgery. According to the law, a minor who becomes a parent can consent to medical care for themselves and their child, regardless of their age. Therefore , the infant's mother, even though she is 17 years old, can sign the consent form for her infant's surgery. Legal guardianship is crucial for obtaining valid consent for a minor's medical procedure. Choice C rationale: The mother's 21 -year -old sibling is not the legal guardian unless legally designated as such. Consent from a legal guardian or parent is essential for pediatric procedures. Choice D rationale: The grandparent is not typically the legal guardian unless legally designated as such. Consent from the legal guardian or parent is required for surgical procedures involving minors. Question 5: A nurse is assisting in the fixation of a fracture bedpan for a client who is immobile due to a cast. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Hyperextend the client's back while the fracture pan is in place. B. Encourage the client to try to defecate for 20 min while on the fracture pan.
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