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Summary - Communicatiewetenschappen

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  • March 5, 2024
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  • 2023/2024
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COMMUNICATIEWETENSCHAPPEN

Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1: bouwstenen.............................................................................................................................. 5

teken en betekenissen...........................................................................................................................................5

Tekenindeling: classificatie van verschillende tekens...........................................................................................7
Tekenindeling van Peirce: relatie tussen teken en object................................................................................7
Tekenindeling van Peters..................................................................................................................................7

elementen van het communicatieproces..............................................................................................................7
Communicator...................................................................................................................................................7
Boodschap.........................................................................................................................................................7
Encoderen/decoderen......................................................................................................................................8
Transmissie, kanaal en medium........................................................................................................................8
Ontvanger..........................................................................................................................................................9

communicatiemodellen.........................................................................................................................................9
Model van Lasswell...........................................................................................................................................9
Model van Shannon & Weaver.......................................................................................................................10
Balansmodel van Newcomb............................................................................................................................10
Model van Schramm.......................................................................................................................................11
Model va Gerbner...........................................................................................................................................11
Model van Jakobson........................................................................................................................................12
Procesmodel van Oomkes...............................................................................................................................13

Vier visies van McQuail.......................................................................................................................................14
Transmissievisie...............................................................................................................................................14
Rituele visie of expressiemodel.......................................................................................................................14
Attentievisie of publiciteitsmodel...................................................................................................................14
Receptievisie (Enc-Dec-model)........................................................................................................................14

Twee theoretische scholen van Fiske..................................................................................................................15
Processchool....................................................................................................................................................15
Semiotische school..........................................................................................................................................15

Vier vormen van communicatie..........................................................................................................................15

hoofdstuk 2: The Young and the restless...................................................................................................... 17

status...................................................................................................................................................................17

ontstaan en ontwikkeling...................................................................................................................................17

theorie en paradigma’s.......................................................................................................................................18
Dominante mainstreamparadigma.................................................................................................................18
Alternatieve kritische paradigma....................................................................................................................19

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,hoofdstuk 3: coming of age.......................................................................................................................... 20

Overzicht mediatheorieën...................................................................................................................................20

massamaatschappij............................................................................................................................................20
1. Algemene visies...........................................................................................................................................21
2. Sociologische benaderingen........................................................................................................................21
3. Psychologische benaderingen.....................................................................................................................21

massamaatschappijtheorie.................................................................................................................................21

propaganda.........................................................................................................................................................22
1. Propagandatheorie van Lasswell.................................................................................................................22
2. Kritische propagandastudies.......................................................................................................................23
3. Paradigmatische strijd.................................................................................................................................23

hoofdstuk 4: mainstreamparadigma............................................................................................................. 24

Mosterd van CW.................................................................................................................................................24
Functionalisme................................................................................................................................................24
Functionalistische mediatheorie.....................................................................................................................25
Actiegerichte benadering................................................................................................................................25
Psychologie......................................................................................................................................................26
Socioloinguïstiek..............................................................................................................................................27

relatie media en publiek......................................................................................................................................28
Two- & multi-step flow....................................................................................................................................29
Mediating factors (Klapper)............................................................................................................................29
Uses- and Gratifications..................................................................................................................................29
1. Agenda-setting (McCombs & Shaw)............................................................................................................30
2. Cultivatie-onderzoek (Gerbner)..................................................................................................................30
3. Zwijgspiraal (Noelle-Neumann)...................................................................................................................31

hoofdstuk 5: alternatieve paradigma............................................................................................................ 31

marxistische benadering.....................................................................................................................................31
Structurele benaderingen...............................................................................................................................31

kritische theorie en Frankfurter Schule...............................................................................................................32
1. Culturele dimensie......................................................................................................................................33
2. Politieke dimensie.......................................................................................................................................33

politieke economie..............................................................................................................................................34

cultural studies....................................................................................................................................................35
1. Structuralisme.............................................................................................................................................35
2. Culturalisme................................................................................................................................................36

post-benaderingen..............................................................................................................................................36
1. Poststructuralisme......................................................................................................................................36
2. Creatieve consumptie..................................................................................................................................37
3. Postmodernisme.........................................................................................................................................37

Hoofdstuk 6: Nieuwe tijden, nieuwe theorieën............................................................................................38

inleiding...............................................................................................................................................................38

media en ict.........................................................................................................................................................38

2

, Onderzoeksmatig niemandsland (Burgelman)................................................................................................38
diffusietheorie – Everett Rogers......................................................................................................................38

mediumtechnologische benaderingen................................................................................................................40
Marshall mcluhan............................................................................................................................................40

informatiemaatschappijtheorie..........................................................................................................................40

nieuwe mediatheorieën......................................................................................................................................41
new media theory...........................................................................................................................................42
practice theory................................................................................................................................................42
mediatization...................................................................................................................................................42

Hoofdstuk 7: sociaalwetenschappelijke mediatheoriEën: de krachtlijnen.....................................................43

four things you didnt know about media theory................................................................................................43

sociaalwetenschappelijke mediatheorieën: een beknopt overzicht...................................................................43
massamaatschappijtheorie.............................................................................................................................43
functionalistische mediatheorie......................................................................................................................43
Frankfurte Schule............................................................................................................................................43
politieke economie van communicatie...........................................................................................................44
Cultural studies................................................................................................................................................44
postmodernisme.............................................................................................................................................44
mediumtechnologische theorieën..................................................................................................................44
informatiemaatschappijtheorie......................................................................................................................44
new media theory...........................................................................................................................................44
practice theory................................................................................................................................................44
mediatization...................................................................................................................................................45
4 golven in het denken over media en ontvanger..........................................................................................45

3 assen van mediatheorieën...............................................................................................................................45

hoofdstuk 8: mediageschiedenis.................................................................................................................. 45

gesproken taal....................................................................................................................................................46

geschreven taal...................................................................................................................................................46

drukkunst............................................................................................................................................................47

dagbladpers........................................................................................................................................................47

registratie van beeld en geluid............................................................................................................................48
fotografie.........................................................................................................................................................48
Film..................................................................................................................................................................49
Geluidsregistratie............................................................................................................................................49

Elektronische telecommunicatie.........................................................................................................................49
telegraaf..........................................................................................................................................................50
Radio................................................................................................................................................................50
televisie...........................................................................................................................................................50

digitale communicatie........................................................................................................................................51

Besluit..................................................................................................................................................................51

Hoofdstuk 9: een sociologisch perspectief.................................................................................................... 52


3

, Centrale thema’s.................................................................................................................................................52
macht...............................................................................................................................................................52
Media en sociale integratie.............................................................................................................................53
sociale verandering.........................................................................................................................................53

Cultuur en identiteit............................................................................................................................................54

communicatorstudies..........................................................................................................................................55
gebeurtenisgericht..........................................................................................................................................56
journalist-gericht.............................................................................................................................................56
mediaorganisatie-gericht................................................................................................................................56
mediapraktijk-gericht......................................................................................................................................56
maatschappij-gericht.......................................................................................................................................56

gatekeeping........................................................................................................................................................57

beroeprsrol..........................................................................................................................................................57

hoofdstuk 10: media-economie.................................................................................................................... 58

economische basisprincipes................................................................................................................................58

bijzondere kenmerken van mediaproducten......................................................................................................59

risky media business...........................................................................................................................................60

nieuwe media-economie.....................................................................................................................................61
wetten van Moore en metcalfe.......................................................................................................................61
mogelijkheden van de ‘long tail’.....................................................................................................................61

krachtlijnen.........................................................................................................................................................61

Hoofdstuk 11: normatieve perspectieven en beleid......................................................................................61

normatieve modellen..........................................................................................................................................61
autoritaire model............................................................................................................................................62
sovjetcommmunistische model......................................................................................................................62
vrije persmodel................................................................................................................................................62
sociale verantwoordelijkheidsmodel..............................................................................................................62

aanvullende concepten.......................................................................................................................................63
revolutionaire concept....................................................................................................................................63
ontwikkelingsconcept......................................................................................................................................63
democratisch-participatorisch concept..........................................................................................................63

mediabeleid.........................................................................................................................................................63

normatieve aspecten van media.........................................................................................................................64

hoofdstuk 12: mediaboodschap en representatie.........................................................................................64

representatie en beeldvorming...........................................................................................................................64

representaite: weerspiegeling of vertekening....................................................................................................65

hoofdstuk 13: een publieksperspectief......................................................................................................... 68

ontvanger............................................................................................................................................................68

publieksonderzoek..............................................................................................................................................69

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