These notes, which were made in conjunction with the 2024 SAGS document, cover all the different phases of life, from baby to adult, and the different nutritional needs during each.
Everyone’s energy and nutritional needs differ and continue to change with each stage of life
Factors inflicting human energy and nutritional needs:
-> age
-> activity
-> body size
-> gender
-> state of health
Pregnant women
-> foetus absorbs everything necessary to grow and develop from mothers blood
-> recommend 11-16kg weight gain during pregnancy
Malnutrition:
Low birth weight in baby
: Baby more susceptible to medical complications
Infant mortality is high
Learning disabilities can occur
Obesity:
↑ Risk of gestational diabetes and high blood pressure
↑ Premature birth
/ Baby may suffer from obesity later in life
-> more protein required for the growth of the foetus
-> helps with the growth of the placenta- supplies oxygen and nutrients to
Protein
the foetus
-> animal protein- contains essential amino acids and promotes growth
-> first 3 months: no extra kilojoules needed
Energy
-> last 6 months: intake must increase to meet the needs of the foetus
-> limit starch intake if women is less active
Carbohydrates
-> increase during last 6 months to meet the needs of the foetus
-> too low in carbohydrates- insufficient fat oxidation, slowing foetal
development
-> a few smaller meals to maintain a stable blood glucose level
-> use sparingly to prevent unnecessary weight gain in the woman, while
ensuring adequate gain in the foetus
Lipids
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