Psychology 1010 Chapters 1-4 Questions With Correct Answers!!

Psychology - Answer-Science which tries to explain why people act and think and feel as they do Wilhelm Wundt - Answer-Established laboratory setting Francis Galton - Answer-Established statistical analysis in psychology G. Stanley Hall - Answer-Founded American Psychological Association, started American psychology William James - Answer-American, Started functionalism Functionalism - Answer-Belief that psychology should study the function of consciousness, as opposed to studying the elements of consciousness John B. Watson - Answer-Started Behaviorism, Environmentalist Behaviorism - Answer-Scientific psychology should study only observable behavior Sigmund Frued - Answer-Doctor, Psychoanalysis B.F. Skinner - Answer-American, Behaviorism Jean Piaget - Answer-Cognitive development in children Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow - Answer-Humanists, Counterbalance behaviorism and Freudian ideas, Rogers;self-concept and client-centered therapy, Maslow; self-actualization Mary Calkins and Margaret Washburn - Answer-Pioneered woman psychologists 6 Contemporary Perspectives - Answer-Behavioral, Psychoanalytic, Humanistic/Positive, Cognitive, Biological, EvolutionaryBehavioral - Answer-learning, behavior modification, conditioning, effects of reinforcement and punishment Psychoanalytic - Answer-therapies, impacts of the unconscious, defense mechanisms, effects of early childhood experiences Humanistic/Positive - Answer-therapies, people as rational beings, emphasis on positive adjustment and growth Cognitive - Answer-information processing, memory, brain research, learning disabilities, and alternate states of consciousness Biological - Answer-physiological impacts on thinking, feeling, and action, along with genetic effects Evolutionary - Answer-adaptive value of behaviors, along with vestiges of behavioral patterns developed and passed on from our ancestors Psychology is _______ and ________ - Answer-empirical, acquired through systematic observation; Theoretically diverse, wealth of competing viewpoints Psychology evolves in "________" context. - Answer-sociohistorical, Society and psychology influence each other Behavior is determined by _______. - Answer-Multi-factorial causation Behavior is shaped by _______ ________. - Answer-Cultural heritage, heredity and environment jointly influence behavior : experiences are highly subjective Psychiatry - Answer-MD, specialty, hospitals, perscriptions Clinical Psychology - Answer-PhD, therapy, diagnose Counseling Psychology - Answer-Diverse, therapyEducation/School Psychology - Answer-School setting and issues Industrial/Organizational Psychology - Answer-Workplace, max efficiency Academic Psychology - Answer-Teach Assumption - Answer-Events are governed by discernible laws or principles that have some consistency Measurement and Description - Answer-Define phenomenon under study and determine methods for measuring them Understanding and Prediction - Answer-Understanding is evaluated by making and testing predictions Application and Control - Answer-Increased knowledge allows practical applications and control over phenomena Steps to Scientific Investigation - Answer-Observe, Predict, Test, Interpret, Communicate Advantages of Scientific Approach - Answer-Clarity and Precision, Intolerance of error Independent Variable - Answer-the item being manipulated Dependent Variable - Answer-the item being affected and measured Experimental Group - Answer-subjects who receive special treatment with manipulated independent variable Control Group - Answer-similar subjects who do not receive the special treatment given to the other groupExtraneous Variables - Answer-variables other than the independent variable, make it difficult to isolate the actual effects of independent variable Confounding of Variables - Answer-linkage causes problems sorting out specific effects Assignment of Subjects must be _______ - Answer-random