BIOS 252 Final Exam Review Questions With Correct Answers!!

What are the three types of muscle tissue? - Answer-Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth What are characteristics of skeletal muscle? - Answer-Striated, voluntary, multinucleated, somatic nervous system control What are characteristics of smooth muscle? - Answer-Non-striated, involuntary, uninucleated, autonomic nervous control What are characteristics of cardiac muscle? - Answer-Striated, branching, uninucleated, involuntary, autonomic nervous control, intercalated discs (gap junctions) What is the thick filament? - Answer-Myosin What is the thin filament? - Answer-Actin What are mediating proteins of muscle tissue? - Answer-Troponin and Tropomyosin What does Calcium bind to? - Answer-Troponin Where does Calcium come from? - Answer-Sarcoplasmic Reticulum When Calcium binds to Troponin, what happens? - Answer-There is a confirmational change wherein Troponin moves Tropomyosin away so that Myosin can bind to Actin What are characteristics of all muscles? - Answer-Electrical excitability, extensibility, elasticity, contractility What are the three meninges from outer to inner, including spaces? - Answer-Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Subarachnoid Space (where CSF is found), Pia Mater (directly attached to spinal cord and brain)What is the filum terminale? - Answer-An extension of the Pia Mater which attaches the spinal cord to coccygeal segment What is an isometric contraction? - Answer-Length of muscle does not change, but tension does What is an isotonic contraction? - Answer-Length of muscle changes, but tension does not What is a concentric isotonic contraction? - Answer-Muscle shortens What is an eccentric isotonic contraction? - Answer-Muscle lengthens What is an agonist? - Answer-Prime mover What is an antagonist? - Answer-Opposes action of the prime mover What is a synergist? - Answer-An "assistant" or "helper" muscle to the agonist What is a fixator? - Answer-Stabilizes muscles