Adult Echocardiography Key Predicted Questions And Correct Answers
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Course
Adult Echocardiography
Institution
Adult Echocardiography
Wiggers Diagramrelates electrical events of heart cycle to the mechanical, pressure, and
sound changes that occur during a cardiac cycle
isovolumicno change in volume (equal volume in the LV)
Isovolumic contraction time (IVCT)-An interval in the cardiac cycle from the MV
closure to AV opening...
Adult Echocardiography Key Predicted Questions And Correct Answers Wiggers Diagram ✔✔relates electri cal events of heart cycle to the mechanical, pressure, and sound changes that occur during a cardiac cycle isovolumic ✔✔no change in volume (equal volume in the LV) Isovolumic contraction time (IVCT) ✔✔-An interval in the cardiac cycle from the MV closure to AV opening -Increase in LV pressure, no change in LV volume - Max end -diastolic volume in LV; part of systole -LV pressure increases dramatically -All 4 valves are closed -wall thickness increases isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) ✔✔-An interval in the cardiac cycle, from the A V closure to MV opening -Decrease in LV pressure, no change in LV volume -It can be used as an indicator of diastolic dysfunction •The first heart sound corresponds with __ __ __ •Lub, S 1, first heart sound • •Second heart sound corresponds with __ ____ •Dub, S2 second heart sound ✔✔- MV closure - AoV closure •When are all valves closed, no change in __ volume rapid increase in __ pressure •When are all valves closed, no change in __ volume rapid decrease in __ pressure ✔✔•When are all valves closed, no change in LV volume rapid increase in LV pressure •When are all valves closed, no change in LV volume rapid decrease in LV pressure •When is LV volume at its highest - •When i s LV volume at its lowest -✔✔- end-diastole, IVCT - end-systole, IVRT ASD associated with: •ostium secundum: associated with ___ •ostium primum: associated with ____ __ •sinus venosus: associated with ____ ______ ______ ____ return ✔✔•ostium secundum: associated with MVP •ostium primum: associated with cleft MV •sinus venosus: associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return TEST QUESTION The murmur associated with an ASD? ✔✔Fixed, split S 2 The PV closes slightly after the AoV because of the increased volume of blood in the right heart; blood goes from LA to RA causing a slower closure of PV . TEST QUESTION What is the best view to assess an ASD? ✔✔The best vie w is subcostal because the Doppler is Perpendicular to ASD flow TEST QUESTION describe: Qp / Qs ✔✔•Based on SV calculations •Ratio of pulmonary venous SV and the systemic SV •Qp /Qs > 1.5 indicates a hemodynamically significant shunt •Qp = CSARVOT X VTIRV OT Qs = CSALVOT X VTI LVOT ___ is the most common congenital heart defect seen in children ✔✔VSD is the most common congenital heart defect seen in children the most common spots for a VSD includes: ✔✔membranous or muscular portions the four VSD locations: ✔✔•1. Perimembranous (MOST COMMON IN ADULTS and is often associated with AI) •2. Outlet (supracristal... the SECOND MOST COMMON SEEN IN ADULTS) •3. Inlet (at the level of the MV ... associated with A V canal defect) •4. Trabecular (sub oulmonic, common in Asian population) Perimembranous VSD ✔✔•Associated with AI •Parasternal short -axis at the level of the AoV (9 to 12 o'clock position) •Apical 5 chamber •MOST COMMON IN ADULTS Outlet VSD ✔✔Parasternal short -axis at the level of the AoV ( 12 to 3 o'clock position); second most common seen in adults Inlet VSD ✔✔•Associated with ASD •Parasternal short -axis: at the MV •Apical 4 chamber with posterior tilt •Associated with AV canal defect Trabecular VSD ✔✔•Parasternal long -axis •Parasternal sho rt-axis: Mid LV and Apex •Suboulmonic, common in Asian population Most VSD's have enlargement of __ and __. __ size is normal because the systolic flow across the defect is ejected directly into PA. ✔✔LA and LV . RV size is normal because the systolic flow across the defect is ejected directly into PA. How to determine the estimated RVSP across the VSD : ✔✔RVSP Systolic BP minus 4V2 Systolic BP = 130 Max VSD velocity = 5.2m/sec 130 - 4 (5.2)2 130 - 108 RVSP = 22mmHg
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