Goals of the CPU (to maximise the system resources despite varying hardware speeds)
-Microkernel vs monolithic kernel (advantages and disadvantages for each)
-Multitasking definition
-Process management -definition, PCB, scheduling and scheduling algorithms, calculate average wait time
-Memory ...
Goals of the CPU (to maximise the
system resources despite varying
hardware speeds)
● Microkernel vs monolithic kernel (advantages and
disadvantages for each) - page 2
● Multitasking - page 3
● Process management, PCB, scheduling and scheduling
algorithms, calculate average wait time - page 4
● Memory management, virtual memory, paging vs
segmentation (internal vs external fragmentation), page
replacement algorithm) - page 6
1
, Microkernel vs monolithic kernel (advantages and disadvantages
for each)
A kernel is the smallest/central part of an operating system. It manages the operations of the
computer and the hardware - most notably memory and CPU time
- A microkernel, which only contains basic functionality
- A monolithic kernel, which contains many device drivers
Microkernel
Advantages - easier to understand, maintain, and extend, can
add or remove components without affecting
other parts of the system, which enhances
flexibility and scalability
- increased reliability and stability since there are
fewer components that can fail.
- more portable because the kernel provides a
basic set of services that can be adapted to
different hardware architectures or
configurations
Disadvantages - Communication between user-space servers
and the microkernel typically involves message
passing, which can introduce performance
overhead. This overhead can impact the overall
system performance
- Implementing system calls in a
microkernel-based operating system can be
complex. System calls may require message
passing between user-space servers and the
microkernel, which adds overhead and
complexity to the system.
Monolithic kernel
Advantages - more efficient in terms of performance. Since all
kernel functions are part of a single address
space, there is minimal overhead associated
with inter-process communication, which can
lead to better performance
- Monolithic kernels have direct access to
hardware devices without needing to go
through message passing or other
communication mechanisms
Disadvantages - Monolithic kernels can become large and
complex as more features and device drivers
are added. This complexity can make the
kernel difficult to maintain, extend, and debug,
especially as the codebase grows over time.
- challenging to isolate and update individual
components without affecting the entire system.
Changes to one part of the kernel may require
modifications to other parts, leading to potential
dependencies and compatibility issues.
2
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